HIV mutation literature information.


  Docking and 3-D QSAR studies on indolyl aryl sulfones. Binding mode exploration at the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase non-nucleoside binding site and design of highly active N-(2-hydroxyethyl)carboxamide and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)carbohydrazide derivatives.
 PMID: 15634015       2005       Journal of medicinal chemistry
Abstract: highly active against wild type and some clinically relevant resistant strains (Y181C, the double mutant K103N-Y181C, and the K103R-V179D-P225H strain, highly resistant to efavirenz).


  Early virological failure in treatment-naive HIV-infected adults receiving didanosine and tenofovir plus efavirenz or nevirapine.
 PMID: 15668550       2005       AIDS (London, England)
Abstract: At month 6, the mutations detected were K65R, L74V, L100I, K103N/R/T, Y181C and G190E/Q/S.


  Studies of non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Part 2: synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2-cyano and 2-hydroxy thiazolidenebenzenesulfonamide derivatives.
 PMID: 15670903       2005       Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry
Abstract: Compound 11g (YM-215389), a combination of 2-hydroxyphenyl and 4-chloro-5-isopropylthiazole moieties, proved to be the most active against both K103N and Y181C RTs with IC50 values of 0.043 and 0.013 microM, respectively.
Abstract: Introduction of a 2-cyanophenyl ring into these moieties significantly enhanced anti-HIV-1 activity, whereas a 2-hydroxyphenyl group endowed potent activity against RTs, including K103N and Y181C mutants.
Abstract: These compounds were found to be highly potent inhibitors of the wild type (WT) and Y181C mutant reverse transcriptases (RTs) and modest inhibitors of K103N 


  6-[1-(4-Fluorophenyl)methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)]-2,4-dioxo-5-hexenoic acid ethyl ester a novel diketo acid derivative which selectively inhibits the HIV-1 viral replication in cell culture and the ribonuclease H activity in vitro.
 PMID: 15708638       2005       Antiviral research
Abstract: Similar results were obtained against the Y181C and Y181C/K103N HIV-1 NNRTI resistant mutant strains.


  Synthesis and evaluation of double-prodrugs against HIV. Conjugation of D4T with 6-benzyl-1-(ethoxymethyl)-5-isopropyluracil (MKC-442, emivirine)-type reverse transcriptase inhibitors via the SATE prodrug approach.
 PMID: 15715487       2005       Journal of medicinal chemistry
Abstract: The double-prodrugs 1, 2, and 3 all had good activities against wild-type HIV-1, Y181C mutant, and also against a HIV-2 strain that was resistant to NNRTIs.


  5-Alkyl-2-alkylamino-6-(2,6-difluorophenylalkyl)-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-4(3H)-ones, a new series of potent, broad-spectrum non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors belonging to the DABO family.
 PMID: 15727860       2005       Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry
Abstract: Against the Y181C mutant strain, 2,6-difluorobenzyl-alpha-methylthymine derivatives 4d, 5h'-n' showed the highest potency and selectivity among tested compounds, both a properly sized C(2)-NH side chain and the presence of two methyl groups (at C(5) and benzylic positions) being crucial for high antiviral action.
Abstract: Biological evaluation indicated the importance of the further anchor point of compounds 4, 5 into the non-nucleoside binding site (NNBS): newly synthesized compounds were highly active against both wild type and the Y181C HIV-1 strains.


  [Study of resistance using the TRUGENE HIV-1 genotyping system and analysis of agreement between rule-based algorithms and virtual phenotyping].
 PMID: 15757587       2005       Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
Abstract: For the ITINN K103N (25.8%), Y181C (11.2%) and G190A (10.9%).


  4-Benzyl and 4-benzoyl-3-dimethylaminopyridin-2(1H)-ones: in vitro evaluation of new C-3-amino-substituted and C-5,6-alkyl-substituted analogues against clinically important HIV mutant strains.
 PMID: 15771439       2005       Journal of medicinal chemistry
Abstract:
Abstract: Of the 17 new 5/6-modified analogues prepared, compounds 31b and 32b substituted at C-5 by an extended nonpolar chain containing an ether function and a C-6 methyl group and compound 35 bearing a C-5 ethyl/C-6 hydroxymethyl substituent pattern were selected on the basis of their in vitro activity against wild-type HIV and the three principle mutant strains, K103N, Y181C, and Y188L.
Abstract: Of these, the N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)-substituted compounds 40, 42, and 62, as well as the doubly modified compounds 77a and 77b, were selected from the initial screen and were subsequently shown to be active at sub-micromolar concentrations (IC(50)'s) against all the other mutant strains except K103N + Y181C and F227L + V106A.


  Quantum study of mutational effect in binding of efavirenz to HIV-1 RT.
 PMID: 15789428       2005       Proteins
Abstract: Full quantum mechanical computational study has been carried out to study binding of efavirenz (EFZ), a second generation FDA approved nonnucleoside inhibitor, to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and its K103N and Y181C mutants using the MFCC (molecular fractionation with conjugate caps) method.
Abstract: The small loss of binding to Y181C mutant by efavirenz can be attributed to the Glu698 residue moving closer to EFZ due to conformational change, which results in an increase of repulsive energy relative to the wild type (WT).


  Evaluation of an oligonucleotide ligation assay for detection of mutations in HIV-1 subtype C individuals who have high level resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
 PMID: 15794978       2005       Journal of virological methods
Abstract: For codons, K103N, Y181C, K65R, Q151M, M184V and T215Y/F, four or more mismatches compared to the probe or mismatches less than four bases from the ligation site were not tolerated.
Abstract: The aim was to evaluate OLA for detecting mutations K103N, Y181C, K65R, Q151M, M184V and T215Y/F in subtype C.



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