HIV mutation literature information.


  Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations among HIV Treatment Failure Patients in Tehran, Iran.
 PMID: 29026792       2017       Iranian journal of public health
Table: Y181C


  Prevalence of Pre-antiretroviral-Treatment Drug Resistance by Gender, Age, and Other Factors in HIV-Infected Individuals Initiating Therapy in Kenya, 2013-2014.
 PMID: 29040633       2017       The Journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: PDR was defined as >=2% mutant frequency in a participant's HIV quasispecies at pol codons K103N, Y181C, G190A, M184 V, or K65R by oligonucleotide ligation assay and Illumina sequencing.


  Upward trends of acquired drug resistances in Ethiopian HIV-1C isolates: A decade longitudinal study.
 PMID: 29049402       2017       PloS one
Table: Y181C
Discussion: Lastly, the study in one side identified an increasing common mutational pathways overtime with two thymidine non-analog (M184V and K65R) and three thymidine analog (D67N, K70R and K219E) major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-associated DRMs and four major NNRTI-associated DRMs (K103N, Y181C, G190A, and V106M) which is consistent with previous studies.


  Gag P2/NC and pol genetic diversity, polymorphism, and drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 CRF02_AG- and non-CRF02_AG-infected patients in Yaounde, Cameroon.
 PMID: 29074854       2017       Scientific reports
Discussion: In addition to the resistance mutations to NRTIs (M184V and the TAM T215F) and NNRTIs (L100I, Y181C, K103N, V108I, and Y188L) observed in naive subjects, these subjects on ART also had the TAMs D67N, K70R, and K219Q; and 9 of those 11 subjects had major resistance mutations to both NRTIs and NNRTIs.
Discussion: In the current study, analysis of RT and protease sequences from 109


  Virological response, HIV-1 drug resistance mutations and genetic diversity among patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in N'Djamena, Chad: findings from a cross-sectional study.
 PMID: 29126456       2017       BMC research notes
Result: Of note, Y181C/F and K103N were observed concomitantly in three (7%) cases.
Result: Out of the 43 sequences generated, the most prevalent DRMs were: 30% [13/43] K103N/S/E, 26% [11/43] Y181C/V/F/L, 2% [1/43] L100I, 2% [1/43] F227L and 2% [1/43] P225H, followed by other DRMs observed at lower rates.
Discussion: As levels of acquired HIVDR are higher to NNRTIs (32%) compared to NRTIs (29%), conferring high-level resistance to NVP and EFV (mainly due to K103N and Y181C), NRTIs are more prone for use in second-line co


  HIV-1 viraemia and drug resistance amongst female sex workers in Soweto, South Africa: A cross sectional study.
 PMID: 29244809       2017       PloS one
Table: Y181C


  Observed HIV drug resistance associated mutations amongst naive immunocompetent children in Yaounde, Cameroon.
 PMID: 29264355       2017       Germs
Abstract: The observed mutations for NRTI were K65R, T215I and K219E (33.0% each) and for NNRTI: V106M, Y181C and Y188H (6.0% each).


  [Analysis on HIV-1 subtypes and transmission clusters in newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, 2016].
 PMID: 29294588       2017       Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi
Abstract: Seven cases with surveillance drug resistant mutations (SDRM) were found, including 5 cases of M46L (3.3%), and one case of F77L or Y181C.


  SURVEILLANCE OF HIV-1 DRUG-RESISTANCE MUTATIONS IN THAILAND FROM 1999 TO 2014.
 PMID: 29641878       2017       The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health
Abstract: However, non-NRTI-associated mutations increased between 1999 and 2007,but have remained constant since, with Y181I/C the most (31.4%) prevalent.


  Comparison of genotypic and virtual phenotypic drug resistance interpretations with laboratory-based phenotypes among CRF01_AE and subtype B HIV-infected individuals.
 PMID: 26147742       2016       Journal of medical virology
Result: RT RAMs were A62V, D67N, V75I, F77L, K101H, Y115F, F116Y, Q151M, Y181C, G190A and K219E.
Result: The most common NNRTI RAM was K103N (65%) followed by Y181C (25%).



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