Virologic suppression in response to antiretroviral therapy despite extensive resistance within HIV-1 reverse transcriptase after the first virologic failure.
Discussion: However, some studies have shown that NVP-containing ARVs have repercussions on the response to etravirine for selecting the Y181C and G190A mutations, whereas the K103 mutation associated with EFV does not interfere with etravirine susceptibility.
HIV-genetic diversity and drug resistance transmission clusters in Gondar, Northern Ethiopia, 2003-2013.
Result: Taken together, the G190A/S/E mutations were most prominent (seven of the 12 NNRTI mutations), followed by the K103N, Y181I/C and K101E substitutions (two, two and one, respectively).
Result: Two had K103N, one G190S and one Y181C, all representing resistance to
Discussion: The specific NNRTI associated mutations found in this study (K103N, G109S and Y181C) have been reported to account for the most common NNRTI-associated mutations in all world regions and HIV subtypes.
Emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in mothers on treatment with a history of prophylaxis in Ghana.
Result: Major DRAMs to NNRTIs seen in the Prophylaxis plus ART Group (Group 1) were K103 N, Y181C, M230 L and L100IL and the minor DRAMs to NNRTIs seen was A98G.
Table: Y181C
Discussion: NNRTIs resistance mutations Y181C and M230 L are known to confer high-level and intermediate resistance to NVP and EFV.
Discussion: The presence of Y181C, M230 L and M230 LM posed resistance to all the NNRTIs used in the country for this group of people (the prophylaxis plus ART grou
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance in a subset of mothers and their infants receiving antiretroviral treatment in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
PMID: 30079168
2018
Journal of public health in Africa
Result: In the NNRTI group, Y181C was more prevalent in infants (22.22%) than in mothers (5.56%) and conferred resistance to NVP and EFV.
Discussion: Mutations Y181C, G190A conferred high resistance to EFV and NVP in mothers and infants.
Discussion: Other studies reported mutations G190A, Y181C that conferred high resistance to NNRTI in individuals with subtype C.
Discussion: Some studies also found K103N and Y181C in individuals with subtypes A, B, C, F and CRF02_AG who developed resistance to NVP, ETR, and EFV.
Antiretroviral resistance among HIV-1 patients on first-line therapy attending a comprehensive care clinic in Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya: a retrospective analysis.
PMID: 30061964
2018
The Pan African medical journal
Abstract: They included K103N (n = 10), G190A (n = 1), Y181C (n = 1) and Y188L (n = 1).
Result: They included K103N (n=10), G190A (n=1), Y181C (n=1) and Y188L (n=1) (Table 2).
Table: Y181C
Detection of minority drug resistant mutations in Malawian HIV-1 subtype C-positive patients initiating and on first-line antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 29977795
2018
African journal of laboratory medicine
Introduction: The most common non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations were K103N (58.1%), Y181C (41.9%) and G190A (6.5%), and the most frequent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutation was M184V (61.3%).
Result: From the 1% mixed clone, K103N was not detected within the 520 sequence reads; Y181C and M184V were detected at the level of 1.03% with 1335 reads, while G190A was detected at 0.97% with 785 reads.
Result: Other NNRTI mutations, such as
Patterns of emergent resistance-associated mutations after initiation of non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-containing antiretroviral regimens in Taiwan: a multicenter cohort study.
Result: As K65R, Y181C/I, and K103N were the most common RAMs in our patients receiving nNRTI-containing regimens with virological failure, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with these emergent RAMs.
Result: In multivariate analysis, us
Discussion: Apart from the common emergent RAMs observed in patients with first-line treatment failure in previous studies, such as M184V/I (42.3%), Y181C (42.3%), and K103N (15.5%), 28.2% of our patients with virological failure harbored K65R mutation, which was 6 times more likely to occur in those individuals receiving regimens containing TDF/FTC or TDF plus lamivudine and nevirapine.
High prevalence of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance among therapy-naive Burmese entering travelers at Dehong ports in Yunnan, China.
Discussion: The major TDRMs observed in this study have been reported in a previous study of HIV Drug Resistance among ART-failure individuals in Yunnan Province, which figured out mutations such as M184 V/I, K103 N, V106A, Y181C and G190A were common.
Prevalence of Rilpivirine and Etravirine Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Subtype C-Infected Patients Failing Nevirapine or Efavirenz-Based Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana.
PMID: 29732907
2018
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Prevalence of RPV and ETR highest DRM in the adult ART study (n = 41) were K101E (26.2%), E138A (23.8%), and Y181C (26.2%).
Abstract: The PMTCT cohort's (n = 127) high prevalence mutations were Y181C (15.7%), E138A (15%), and K101E (11%).
Changes from 2000 to 2009 in the Prevalence of HIV-1 Containing Drug Resistance-Associated Mutations from Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive, HIV-1-Infected Patients in the United States.
PMID: 29732898
2018
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Discussion: Notably, the presence of major NNRTI resistance WHO-defined DRM declined significantly from 2007 to 2009, while the prevalence of specific key NNRTI mutations such as K103N and Y181I/C/V also declined in 2009 compared with the preceding years.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2018
BMC infectious diseases
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