Abstract: The most common mutation was K103N (5.6%, 11/197), followed by Y181C (3.6%, 7/197).
Result: The most common PDR was K103N (5.6%, 11/197), followed by Y181C (3.6%, 7/197).
Table: Y181C
Diagnostic Accuracy of Pan-Degenerate Amplification and Adaptation Assay for HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutation Analysis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
PMID: 32522826
2020
Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: In a cross-sectional study (June 2018 to September 2019), we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a simple and rapid HIVDR assay (the pan-degenerate amplification and adaptation [PANDAA] assay targeting the mutations K65R, K103NS, M184VI, Y181C, and G190A) compared to Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS).
Abstract: PANDAA showed strong agreement with Sanger sequencing for K65R, K103NS, M184VI, and G190A (kappa > 0.85) and substantial agreement for Y181C (kappa = 0.720).
Exploring the hydrophobic channel of NNIBP leads to the discovery of novel piperidine-substituted thiophene[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent HIV-1 NNRTIs.
Abstract: Especially, compound 26 exhibited the most potent activity against wild-type and a panel of single mutations (L100I, K103N, Y181C, Y188L and E138K) with an EC50 ranging from 6.02 to 23.9 nmol/L, which were comparable to those of etravirine (ETR).
Result: 4) with average distances of (Y188/P227) 4.4 +- 0.6/3.3 +- 0.6 A for WT RT, 3.9 +- 0.4/3.4 +- 0.6 A for the K103N variant, and 4.5 +- 0.7/4.7 +- 0.7 A for the K103N/Y181C mutated enzyme.
Result: All the compounds were further evaluated against a panel of clinically relevant NNRTIs-resistant single-mutant strains (L100I, PMID: 32555643
2020
PloS one
Introduction: Patients failing an NNRTI-based first-line regimen with genotypic drug resistance mutations typically present with M184V/I, K65R, and/or thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) and K103N, V106M/A and/or Y181C as the most prevalent NRTI and NNRTI mutations, respectively.
Result: The prevalence of other major NNRTI resistance mutations (Y181CS, Y188CH, G190A and M230L) was <=8%.
Prevalence and determinants of virological failure, genetic diversity and drug resistance among people living with HIV in a minority area in China: a population-based study.
Result: The most common mutations in NNRTIs were K103N/KN (64.69%), V179D/E (23.47%) and Y181C/YC/I (14.00%), they were M184V/MV/I (36.29%), T215F/FS/TNSY (7.50%) and K219Q (5.92%) in NRTIs, and they were Q58E/QE (4.93%), L10F/LFI (0.39%) and M46L (0.39%) in PIs.
Discovery of potential dual-target prodrugs of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and nucleocapsid protein 7.
Abstract: Here, we characterize the mode of action of N'-(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoylhydrazone (compound 13), an N-acylhydrazone derivative that inhibited viral replication (EC50 = 10 microM), while retaining full potency against the NNRTI-resistant double mutant K103N-Y181C virus.
Result: Antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of compounds 13 and 21 were determined at 5 days on MT4 cells against HIV-1 NL4.3 wt strain and HIV-1 NL4.3 carrying the K103N-Y181C double mutation, commonly selected in patients and that confers resistance to non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs).
Result: Both N-acylhydrazone derivatives inhibited viral replication retaining similar potency of inhibition against the PMID: 33105474
2020
AIDS reviews
Abstract: Over the past 40 years, the frequency of the DRM M184V (50-64.3%, p=0.363), G190A (17.2-46.2%, p=0.021), and K103N (34.5-42.3%, p=0.551) increased, while the frequency of Y181C (17.2-7.7%, p=0.289) decreased.
Abstract: The major DRM in the NRTIs was the M184V, whereas the G190A, K103N, and Y181C were the major DRMs in the NNRTIs.
Patterns of acquired HIV-1 drug resistance mutations and predictors of virological failure in Moshi, Northern Tanzania.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2020
AIDS research and therapy
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