literature

HIV mutation literature information.

High HIV-1 Virological Failure and Drug Resistance among Adult Patients Receiving First-Line ART for At least 12 Months at a Decentralized Urban HIV Clinic Setting in Senegal before the Test-and-Treat.

PMID: 34025122 2021 Infectious diseases

Abstract: Of the 27 viraemic isolates successfully genotyped, 20 (74.1%) carried DR mutations; most frequent were M184VI (55.6%), K103N (37.1%), thymidine analog mutations (29.6%), Y181CY (22.2%).

Result: The most frequent resistant genotypes to NNRTIs were K103N (37.04%), Y181CY (22.2%), and A98AG (18.5%).

Table: Y181C

HIV-1 non-group M phenotypic susceptibility in vitro to bictegravir and cabotegravir.

PMID: 34151963 2021 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Abstract: Around 50% of the strains of this group naturally show a mutation (Y181C) providing them with resistance to NNRTIs and making therapeutic management more difficult.

High Detection Rate of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations among Patients Who Fail Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Manaus, Brazil.

PMID: 34212033 2021 BioMed research international

Discussion: Due to the presence of mutations, such as L100I, K101P, Y181C, M230L, observed in of individuals failing in the use of EFV, the viability of using ETR in a rescue scheme is reduced for few individuals (data not shown).

HIV-1 molecular transmission network among sexually transmitted populations in Liaoning Province, China.

PMID: 34260561 2021 Medicine

Result: Among them, 9 cases were protease inhibitor-related resistance, and the main resistance sites were L33F, V82A, Q58E, M46L, M46I; There were 4 cases of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance, the main mutation sites were V75VI, K219Q, T215A, K65R; There were 5 cases of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance,

Discussion: Mutations K65R, Y181C+G190S, which produced high drug resistance, did not enter the transmission network.

HIV-1 Drug Resistance and Genetic Transmission Networks Among MSM Failing Antiretroviral Therapy in South China 2014-2019.

PMID: 34377002 2021 Infection and drug resistance

Table: Y181C

Discussion: V106I/M, K103N/Q, G190A/S, and Y181C were the major NNRTI-associated mutations, similar to those in other cities in China and other countries, and showed broad-spectrum resistance possibly caused by the wide use of NNRTIs.

HIV Pretreatment Drug Resistance Trends in Mexico City, 2017-2020.

PMID: 34959542 2021 Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

Result: Other interesting clusters evidencing PDR transmission within the network included cluster PI-1, with 29 nodes, all men with PI resistance and median age 24 (22-28) enrolled across all years; cluster NRTI-1, with 23 nodes, 22 cisgender men and 1 cisgender woman, with median age 22 (10-27) and constant growth across all years; cluster complex-1, with 10 nodes, all men enrolled from 2018 to 2020 and median age 23 (20-30), 60% (6/10) with PI + NRTI + NNRTI resistance and 40% (4/10) with PI + NRTI resistance; and complex-2, with 7 nodes, all men with median age 26 (21-31) sharing PR M46I, L90M,

Prevalence and factors associated with HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in treatment-experienced patients in Nairobi, Kenya: A cross-sectional study.

PMID: 34622871 2021 Medicine

Abstract: NRTI primary mutations Result: K103N/S 56 (21.0%), G190S/A 39 (14.6%), Y181C/I 29 (10.9%), V108I 13 (4.9%), P225H 12 (4.5%), Y188L 7 (2.6%), M230L 7 (2.6%), L100I 5 (1.9%), V106 M 5 (1.9%), and K101P 2 (0.7%) were the mutations conferring resistance to NNRTIs.

Discussion: The high levels of resistance are due to the K103N, G190A, and Y181C mutations, which confer resistance to NVP (81.0%) and EFV (71.2%).

Genetic Diversity and Acquired Drug Resistance Mutations Detected by Deep Sequencing in Virologic Failures among Antiretroviral Treatment Experienced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Patients in a Pastoralist Region of Ethiopia.

PMID: 34819737 2021 Infection and drug resistance

Result: Of the 41 viraemic specimens genotyped, the major NNRTI resistance-associated mutations detected were: K103N (24.4%), P225H (7.3%), K101E (7.3%), V108I (7.3%), V90I (4.9%), V106M/A (9.8%), H221Y (4.9%), E138G/A (4.9%), and Y181C (4.9%).

Table: Y181C

Discussion: Interestingly, the finding identified all the four RT gene positions (K103N, Y181C, G190A and V106M) recommended for point of care genotypic

Distribution characteristics of drug resistance mutations of HIV CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC from patients under ART in Ganzhou, China.

PMID: 34402512 2021 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Abstract: The most common DRMs of these three subtypes were K103N and M184V, while the mutation frequencies of M41L, D67N, K70R, K101E, V106M, Y181C, K219E, H221Y and N348I were obviously different among subtypes.

Rapid HIV-1 drug resistance testing in a resource limited setting: the Pan Degenerate Amplification and Adaptation assay (PANDAA).

PMID: 34795836 2021 The Pan African medical journal

Result: Besides DRMs assessed by PANDAA (K65R, M184V, K103N, Y181C and G190A), additional major DRMs to NRTI (L74I, D67N, K70E and K219R) were found in 3/120 participants (3%), as follows: L74I in combination with M184V were found in 2/120 participants (2%) and D67N +K70E+219R together with M184V occurred in 1 participant (1%).

Result: Pre-treatment drug resistance (K65R,

Table: Y181C

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