literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Genetic Diversity and Acquired Drug Resistance Mutations Detected by Deep Sequencing in Virologic Failures among Antiretroviral Treatment Experienced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Patients in a Pastoralist Region of Ethiopia.

PMID: 34819737 2021 Infection and drug resistance

Result: Of the 41 viraemic specimens genotyped, the major NNRTI resistance-associated mutations detected were: K103N (24.4%), P225H (7.3%), K101E (7.3%), V108I (7.3%), V90I (4.9%), V106M/A (9.8%), H221Y (4.9%), E138G/A (4.9%), and Y181C (4.9%).

Table: Y181C

Discussion: Moreover, this is in line with another study conducted in Northern India that reported 89.8% NRTI and NNRTI ADR mutations among virological failures with M184V, T215Y were

HIV Pretreatment Drug Resistance Trends in Mexico City, 2017-2020.

PMID: 34959542 2021 Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

Result: Other interesting clusters evidencing PDR transmission within the network included cluster PI-1, with 29 nodes, all men with PI resistance and median age 24 (22-28) enrolled across all years; cluster NRTI-1, with 23 nodes, 22 cisgender men and 1 cisgender woman, with median age 22 (10-27) and constant growth across all years; cluster complex-1, with 10 nodes, all men enrolled from 2018 to 2020 and median age 23 (20-30), 60% (6/10) with PI + NRTI + NNRTI resistance and 40% (4/10) with PI + NRTI resistance; and complex-2, with 7 nodes, all men with median age 26 (21-31) sharing PR M46I, L90M,

Characterizing HIV-1 Genetic Subtypes and Drug Resistance Mutations among Children, Adolescents and Pregnant Women in Sierra Leone.

PMID: 34573296 2021 Genes

Abstract: Among children and adolescents, the most common RAMs were M184V (76.6%, n = 49/64), K103N (45.3%, n = 29/64), Y181C/V/I (28.1%, n = 18/64), T215F/Y (25.0%, n = 16/64), and V108I (18.8%, n = 12/64).

Abstract: Among pregnant women, the most frequent RAMs were K103N (20.6%, n = 7/34), M184V (11.8%, n = 4/34), Y181C/V/I (5.9%, n = 2/34), P225H (8.8%, n = 3/34), and K219N/E/Q/R (5.9%, n = 2/34).

Result: The most prevalent RT RAMs among children and adolescents and their relative proportions were as follows: M184V

Structure-Based Design and Discovery of Pyridyl-Bearing Fused Bicyclic HIV-1 Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Characterization, and Molecular Modeling Studies.

PMID: 34496571 2021 Journal of medicinal chemistry

Abstract: Furthermore, molecular modeling studies elucidated the binding modes of compounds 6, 15, 21, and 30 in the binding pocket of WT, E138K, K103N, or Y181C HIV-1 RTs.

Transmitted drug resistance and transmission clusters among HIV-1 treatment-naive patients in Guangdong, China: a cross-sectional study.

PMID: 34488793 2021 Virology journal

Result: K103N (0.42%, 10/2368), Y181C (0.21%, 5/2368), and G190A (0.21%, 5/2368) were the most common NRTI-associated mutations, and M184V (0.21%, 5/2368), L210W (0.21%, 5/2368), and T215S (0.13%, 3/2368) were the most common NNRTI-associated mutations.

Phylogenetic and Drug-Resistance Analysis of HIV-1 Sequences From an Extensive Paediatric HIV-1 Outbreak in Larkana, Pakistan.

PMID: 34484134 2021 Frontiers in microbiology

Table: Y181C

HIV-1 re-suppression on a first-line regimen despite the presence of phenotypic drug resistance.

PMID: 32555643 2020 PloS one

Introduction: Patients failing an NNRTI-based first-line regimen with genotypic drug resistance mutations typically present with M184V/I, K65R, and/or thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) and K103N, V106M/A and/or Y181C as the most prevalent NRTI and NNRTI mutations, respectively.

Result: The prevalence of other major NNRTI resistance mutations (Y181CS, Y188CH, G190A and M230L) was <=8%.

Targeting HIV-1 RNase H: N'-(2-Hydroxy-benzylidene)-3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoylhydrazone as Selective Inhibitor Active against NNRTIs-Resistant Variants.

PMID: 32640577 2020 Viruses

Abstract: Here, we characterize the mode of action of N'-(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoylhydrazone (compound 13), an N-acylhydrazone derivative that inhibited viral replication (EC50 = 10 microM), while retaining full potency against the NNRTI-resistant double mutant K103N-Y181C virus.

Result: Antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of compounds 13 and 21 were determined at 5 days on MT4 cells against HIV-1 NL4.3 wt strain and HIV-1 NL4.3 carrying the K103N-Y181C double mutation, commonly selected in patients and that confers resistance to non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs).

Result: Both N-acylhydrazone derivatives inhibited viral replication retaining similar potency of inhibition against the

PMID: 32576136 2020 BMC infectious diseases

Result: The most common mutations in NNRTIs were K103N/KN (64.69%), V179D/E (23.47%) and Y181C/YC/I (14.00%), they were M184V/MV/I (36.29%), T215F/FS/TNSY (7.50%) and K219Q (5.92%) in NRTIs, and they were Q58E/QE (4.93%), L10F/LFI (0.39%) and M46L (0.39%) in PIs.

Discovery of potential dual-target prodrugs of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and nucleocapsid protein 7.

PMID: 32631509 2020 Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters

Abstract: In addition, it showed moderate inhibitory potency (EC50 = 1.329 muM) against the HIV-1 K103N/Y181C double mutant strain (MT-4 cells).

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