Abstract: Here, we present a proof-of-concept study of a rapid and simple molecular method to detect two major mutations (K103 N, Y181C) conferring resistance to first-line nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor regimens.
High HIV-1 Virological Failure and Drug Resistance among Adult Patients Receiving First-Line ART for At least 12 Months at a Decentralized Urban HIV Clinic Setting in Senegal before the Test-and-Treat.
Abstract: Of the 27 viraemic isolates successfully genotyped, 20 (74.1%) carried DR mutations; most frequent were M184VI (55.6%), K103N (37.1%), thymidine analog mutations (29.6%), Y181CY (22.2%).
Result: The most frequent resistant genotypes to NNRTIs were K103N (37.04%), Y181CY (22.2%), and A98AG (18.5%).
Table: Y181C
Discussion: EFV and NVP have a lower genetic barrier, thus facilitating the selection of K103N and Y181C mutations.
HIV-1 non-group M phenotypic susceptibility in vitro to bictegravir and cabotegravir.
PMID: 34151963
2021
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Around 50% of the strains of this group naturally show a mutation (Y181C) providing them with resistance to NNRTIs and making therapeutic management more difficult.
High Detection Rate of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations among Patients Who Fail Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Manaus, Brazil.
Discussion: Due to the presence of mutations, such as L100I, K101P, Y181C, M230L, observed in of individuals failing in the use of EFV, the viability of using ETR in a rescue scheme is reduced for few individuals (data not shown).
HIV-1 molecular transmission network among sexually transmitted populations in Liaoning Province, China.
Result: Among them, 9 cases were protease inhibitor-related resistance, and the main resistance sites were L33F, V82A, Q58E, M46L, M46I; There were 4 cases of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance, the main mutation sites were V75VI, K219Q, T215A, K65R; There were 5 cases of non-nuc
Table: Y181C
Discussion: Mutations K65R, Y181C+G190S, which produced high drug resistance, did not enter the transmission network.
Rapid HIV-1 drug resistance testing in a resource limited setting: the Pan Degenerate Amplification and Adaptation assay (PANDAA).
PMID: 34795836
2021
The Pan African medical journal
Result: Besides DRMs assessed by PANDAA (K65R, M184V, K103N, Y181C and G190A), additional major DRMs to NRTI (L74I, D67N, K70E and K219R) were found in 3/120 participants (3%), as follows: L74I in combination with M184V were found in 2/120 participants (2%) and D67N +K70E+219R together with M184V occurred in 1 participant (1%).
Result: Pre-treatment drug resistance (K65R,
Table: Y181C
Correlation of HIV-1 drug resistant mutations and virologic failure.
PMID: 34584606
2021
The Pan African medical journal
Table: Y181C
Prevalence and factors associated with HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in treatment-experienced patients in Nairobi, Kenya: A cross-sectional study.
Abstract: NRTI primary mutations Result: K103N/S 56 (21.0%), G190S/A 39 (14.6%), Y181C/I 29 (10.9%), V108I 13 (4.9%), P225H 12 (4.5%), Y188L 7 (2.6%), M230L 7 (2.6%), L100I 5 (1.9%), V106 M 5 (1.9%), and K101P 2 (0.7%) were the mutations conferring resistance to NNRTIs.
Discussion: The high levels of resistance are due to the K103N, G190A, and Y181C mutations, which confer resistance to NVP (81.0%) and EFV (71.2%).
HIV-1 drug resistance among individuals who seroconverted in the ASPIRE dapivirine ring trial.
PMID: 34762770
2021
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Result: Only five samples were identified that had low-frequency NNRTI-associated polymorphisms or mutations not previously detected by Sanger sequencing, with the mutant frequency indicated in parentheses: K101R (1.4%), V108I (1.7%), E138A (9.3%), V179G (1.0%) and Y181C (1.2%).
Table: Y181C/I
Table: Y181C
Distribution characteristics of drug resistance mutations of HIV CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC from patients under ART in Ganzhou, China.
PMID: 34402512
2021
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: The most common DRMs of these three subtypes were K103N and M184V, while the mutation frequencies of M41L, D67N, K70R, K101E, V106M, Y181C, K219E, H221Y and N348I were obviously different among subtypes.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
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