HIV mutation literature information.


  Effects of HIV type-1 immune selection on susceptability to integrase inhibitor resistance.
 PMID: 19918099       2009       Antiviral therapy
Introduction: Another pathway through Y143C has been described more recently.
Result: Of the 38 major and minor integrase inhibitor resistance associated codons, 44, 61, 66, 92, 121, 140, 143, 147, 148, 155, 226 and 263 were the only positions absolutely conserved across all 342 sequences and these included six primary resistance-associated mutations for raltegravir and elvitegravir (T66I, E92Q, G140S, Y143C/H/R Q148H/R/K and N155S/H).
Discussion: In this population-based review of all sites associated with integrase inhibitor resistance in 342 natural isolates of HIV-1 obtained from two geographically distinct cohorts in Switzerland an


  Dynamics of raltegravir resistance profile in an HIV type 2-infected patient.
 PMID: 19618998       2009       AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Resistant variants involving the Y143C pathway were noted to have persisted beyond 4 weeks following the cessation of RAL therapy.
Abstract: The treatment failure of an RAL regimen in the HIV-2 patient studied was associated with the emergence of mutations via the N155H resistance pathway and subsequent switching to the Y143C mutational route.


  The dynamics of appearance and disappearance of HIV-1 integrase mutations during and after withdrawal of raltegravir therapy.
 PMID: 19571721       2009       AIDS (London, England)
Abstract: Mutations Q148R (2 months) followed by G140A/Q148R and then G140A/Y143CHR/Q148R/G163R were detected in the virus from one patient, and these reverted to wild type when treatment was withdrawn, although clonal analysis identified maintenance of RAL resistance minority species at this time point.
Abstract: RAL treatment was restarted after 6 months, and 2 weeks later, Y143CY/G163RG mutations appeared.


  Characterization and structural analysis of HIV-1 integrase conservation.
 PMID: 19290031       2009       AIDS reviews
Abstract: All primary signature mutations emerging in patients failing raltegravir (Y143R, Q148H/K/R, N155H) or elvitegravir (T66I, E92Q, S147G, Q148H/K/R, N155H), as well as secondary mutations (H51Y, T66A/K, E138K, G140S/A/C, Y143C/H, K160N, R166S, E170A, S230R, D232N, R263K) were complete


  HIV-1 integrase polymorphisms are associated with prior antiretroviral drug exposure.
 PMID: 19203393       2009       Retrovirology
Introduction: A possible alternative and third pathway, Y143R/C, also exists.


  Natural variation of HIV-1 group M integrase: implications for a new class of antiretroviral inhibitors.
 PMID: 18687142       2008       Retrovirology
Result: Among the CCD mutations shown to directly reduce raltegravir or elvitegravir susceptibility - H51Y, T66I, E92Q, F121Y,
Discussion: Nearly all INI-resistance mutations known to directly reduce HIV-1 susceptibility were nonpolymorphic including H51Y, T66I, E92Q, F121Y, G140S, Y143C/H/R, Q146P, S147G, Q148H/R/K, S153Y, N155H/S, and R263K.



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