Method: Antiviral assays (p24 assay) using wild-type HIV-1 (HIV-1WT) and replicable HIV-1 variants (HIV-1Q151M, HIV-1Q151M/Y115F/F116Y, and HIV-1Q151M/I63V/L74V) were also conducted as previously described.
Result: Critically, EFdA activity against HIV-1Q151M and HIV-1Q151M/Y115F/F116Y increased (IC50: 30 pM for both variants) when compared to that against HIV-1WT (IC50: 0.4 nM).
Result: Furthermore, the anti-HIV-1 activity of ETV drastically improved in the presence of Q151M and additional mutations Y115F and F116Y; the IC50 numbers of ETV against HIV-1Q151M and HIV-1Q151M/Y115F/F116Y decreased to
Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
PMID: 29084434
2018
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Introduction: As expected, patients failing AZT-based therapy did not develop mutations K65R, K70E, L74V, or Y115F, and only rarely were DRMs from the Q151M complex seen.
Distinct Pattern of Thymidine Analogue Mutations with K65R in Patients Failing Tenofovir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy.
PMID: 29084434
2018
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Introduction: Also common were associated DRMs K70E and Y115F.
HIV-1 genetic diversity, geographical linkages and antiretroviral drug resistance among individuals from Pakistan.
Abstract: The remaining 7% of the sequences contained a major mutation, Y115F, which causes the virus to exhibit low to intermediate resistance against lamivudine and emtricitabine.
Early virological failure and HIV drug resistance in Ugandan adults co-infected with tuberculosis.
HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in Non-B Subtypes After Prolonged Virological Failure on NNRTI-Based First-Line Regimens in Sub-Saharan Africa.
PMID: 28129253
2017
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Result: After adjustment, participants on zidovudine at failure were more likely to have T215F, T215Y, M41L, K70R, D67N, L210W, type-1 thymidine analog, type-2 thymidine analog, and any thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs); those on tenofovir to have K65R, K70E, Y115F, and M184I; those on efavirenz to have K103N, P225H, Y188L, and L100I; and those on nevirapine to have Y181C and G190A.
Mutational Correlates of Virological Failure in Individuals Receiving a WHO-Recommended Tenofovir-Containing First-Line Regimen: An International Collaboration.
Abstract: Of the 33 NRTI-associated TRAMs, 12 - A62V, K65R/N, S68G/N/D, K70E/Q/T, L74I, V75L, and Y115F - were more common among individuals receiving a first-line TDF-containing compared to a first-line thymidine analog-containing regimen.
Result: Of the 83 TRAMs, 16 (21%; 16/83) were established NRTI-associated resistance mutations including A62V, K65R/N, T69deletion, K70E/Q/T/N, L74V/I, V75M/I/L, Y115F, and
High level of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in patients with unsuppressed viral loads in rural northern South Africa.
Result: More than half of these mutations (K65R, D67N, K70R, L74V, V75I/S, Y115F, K219Q/E, K101E/P/H, K103N, V106AM, Y181C and Y188L/H) were significantly more prevalent (p < 0.05) in the rural settings of Limpopo than in urban Pretoria (Table 2).
Table: Y115F
Upward trends of acquired drug resistances in Ethiopian HIV-1C isolates: A decade longitudinal study.
Discussion: But on the other side, a stable rate of selection was also observed for some NRTI mutations (such as Y115F, L210W) and several NNRTI mutations (such as L100I, K101E, P225H and M230L).
Gag P2/NC and pol genetic diversity, polymorphism, and drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 CRF02_AG- and non-CRF02_AG-infected patients in Yaounde, Cameroon.
Method: Other major NRTIs resistance mutations detected included the multidrug resistance mutation T69D, the thymidine analogue mutation (TAM) T215F, and the non-TAMs K65R and Y115F (Table 3).
Method: These transmitted DRMs included major resistance mutations to NRTIs such as M184V, T69D, T215F, K65R, and Y115F; and major resistance mutations to non-Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) such as Y181C, Table: Y115F
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2018
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