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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Persistence of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance mutations.
 PMID: 23904291       2013       The Journal of infectious diseases
Table: Y115F


  Simultaneous detection of major drug resistance mutations in the protease and reverse transcriptase genes for HIV-1 subtype C by use of a multiplex allele-specific assay.
 PMID: 23985909       2013       Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: All the wild-type and mutant alleles were unequivocally distinguished with plasmid templates, and the limits of detection were 1.56% for K219Q and K219E, 3.13% for L76V, 6.25% for K65R, K70R, L74V, L100I, K103N, K103R, Q151M, Y181C, and I47V, and 12.5% for M41L, K101P, K101E, V106A, V106M, Y115F, M184V,  PMID: 22330916       2012       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: In addition, the study contains new findings on the relative impacts of thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) on susceptibility to abacavir and tenofovir; the impacts of several known but incompletely characterized mutations, including E40F, V75T, Y115F, and K219R; and a tentative role in reduced NRTI susceptibility for K64H, a novel NRTI resistance mutation.


  Low prevalence of transmitted drug resistance in patients newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in Sweden 2003-2010.
 PMID: 22448246       2012       PloS one
Table: Y115F


  Prolonged tenofovir treatment of macaques infected with K65R reverse transcriptase mutants of SIV results in the development of antiviral immune responses that control virus replication after drug withdrawal.
 PMID: 22805180       2012       Retrovirology
Result: For animal 33091, plasma collected at the time of tenofovir withdrawal and at the time of euthanasia (41 weeks after tenofovir withdrawal) had pure K65R populations; most other RT mutations were found in both samples (N69S, Y115F, I118V, D121H, V201A, S211N), while some mutations were found in only 1 sample (K40E and R82R/K at time of tenofovir withdrawal; K43E at time of euthanasia).


  Resistance patterns selected by nevirapine vs. efavirenz in HIV-infected patients failing first-line antiretroviral treatment: a bayesian analysis.
 PMID: 22132100       2011       PloS one
Result: More specifically, TDF, when compared with d4T, was found strongly associated with greater risk of mutations Y115F and K65R (PP[OR>1]>99%), and, with less clear evidence (PP[OR>1]>92) with greater risk of mutations Y181I, V179F, and A62V (Figure 2B).
Result: When adjusted for the effects of failure duration, viral load and NRTI backbone, the analysis, presented in Figure 2A, showed that the use of a nevirapine-based regimen was associated with significantly increased risks of mutations G190A (the posterior probability of G190A occurring on a nevirapine-based regimen or PP[OR<1] was >99%), Y188L (PP[OR<1] = 97.5%), Y181C (PP[OR<1]>99%)


  Low-abundance HIV species and their impact on mutational profiles in patients with virological failure on once-daily abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine and tenofovir.
 PMID: 20008905       2010       The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: At VF, Subject 1 population sequencing revealed only K65K/R, and only clones with the K65R mutation were observed at the first timepoint (with or without Y115F and S68 mutations), but at the later timepoint TAM-containing clones (one clone with D67N + L210W + T215F and another clone with T215A) were also detected in addition to K65R-containing clones.
Table: Y115F/Y
Table: Y115F


  Constrained patterns of covariation and clustering of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations.
 PMID: 20462946       2010       The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Method: We also examined the extent to which the 52 NNRTI-selected mutations covaried with mutations at 12 major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance positions, including M41L, K65R, D67N, T69S_SS, K70E, K70R, L74V, L74I, V75M/T, Y115F, Q151M, M184V/I, L210W, T215F and T215Y.


  Clinical and genotypic findings in HIV-infected patients with the K65R mutation failing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria.
 PMID: 19644383       2009       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Result: Among 21 patients primarily on TDF containing ART, the following mutations were observed: M184V, M184I, S68G, A62V and Y115F and K219E.
Result: The following mutations were observed in significantly more patients with K65R: S68G, A62V, Y115F, Q151M complex, T69del and K219R [all p<0.01].


  Prevalence, genotypic associations and phenotypic characterization of K65R, L74V and other HIV-1 RT resistance mutations in a commercial database.
 PMID: 18505170       2008       Antiviral therapy
Abstract: Other NAMs commonly associated with K65R were A62V, S68G and Y115F; their NRTI susceptibilities were similar to those of viruses containing K65R alone.



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