Selection of resistance in protease inhibitor-experienced, human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected subjects failing lopinavir- and ritonavir-based therapy: mutation patterns and baseline correlates.
Abstract: Less common mutations, such as L33F, I50V, and V32I together with I47V/A, were also selected; however, new mutations at positions 84, 90, and 71 were not observed.
Novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease mutations potentially involved in resistance to protease inhibitors.
PMID: 15855527
2005
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: In particular, E34Q, K43T, and K55R, which were associated with lopinavir treatment, correlated with mutations associated with lopinavir resistance (E34Q with either L33F or F53L, or K43T with I54A) or clustered with multi-PI resistance mutations (K43T with V82A and I54V or V82A, V32I, and I47V, or K55R with V82A, I54V, and M46I).
Selection and characterization of HIV-1 showing reduced susceptibility to the non-peptidic protease inhibitor tipranavir.
Abstract: At the end of the selection experiments, viruses harbouring 10 mutations in the protease (L10F, I13V, V32I, L33F, M36I, K45I, I54V, A71V, V82L, I84V) as well as a mutation in the CA/SP1 gag cleavage site were selected and showed 87-fold decreased susceptibility to tipranavir.
Substitutions in the Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Genes of HIV-1 Subtype B in Untreated Individuals and Patients Treated With Antiretroviral Drugs.
PMID: 19825125
2005
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Table: V32I
Discussion: Some of the resistance mutations that result from a G A transition confer only low levels of resistance when they appear alone, such as K20R and V32I in PR and D67N and G333A in RT.
HIV protease mutations associated with amprenavir resistance during salvage therapy: importance of I54M.
Abstract: HIV protease mutations associated with amprenavir resistance included I84V, I50V, I47V, V32I, and I54M.
Resistance profiles observed in virological failures after 24 weeks of amprenavir/ritonavir containing regimen in protease inhibitor experienced patients.
Abstract: Among these patients, the selection of mutations previously described with the use of APV as first PI (V32I, L33F, M46I/L, I50V, 54M/L, and I84V) was observed.
Abstract: Several genotypic resistance pathways in protease gene have been described to be associated to unboosted APV failure (I50V, V32I + I47V, I54L/M, or less commonly I84V, which may be accompanied by one ore more accessory mutations such as L10F, L33F, M46I/L).
Comparing the accumulation of active- and nonactive-site mutations in the HIV-1 protease.
Abstract: This variant possessed the ritonavir-resistance-associated mutations in the active-site (V32I and V82A) and nonactive-site mutations (K20R, L33F, M36I, L63P, A71V, and L90M).
Emergence of resistance to protease inhibitor amprenavir in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients: selection of four alternative viral protease genotypes and influence of viral susceptibility to coadministered reverse transcriptase nucleoside inhibitors.
PMID: 11850255
2002
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: These mutations fell into four distinct categories, characterized by the presence of either I50V, I54L/I54M, I84V, or V32I+I47V and often included accessory mutations, commonly M46I/L.
Computational studies of the resistance patterns of mutant HIV-1 aspartic proteases towards ABT-538 (ritonavir) and design of new derivatives.
PMID: 12463635
2002
Journal of molecular graphics & modelling
Abstract: We have performed a computational study of the binding of ABT-538 (ritonavir) with wild type (wt) PR and 12 model mutant structures (R8Q, V321, M461, V82A, V82F, V821, I84V, M46I/V82F, M46I/I84V, V32I/I84V, V82F/I84V and V32I/K45I/F53L/A71V/I84V/L89M (6X)) for which inhibition data are available.
Molecular mechanics analysis of drug-resistant mutants of HIV protease.
Abstract: In order to study drug resistance, the wild-type HIV-1 protease and the mutants R8Q, V32I, M46I, V82A, V82I, V82F, I84V, V32I/I84V and M46I/I84V were modeled with the inhibitors saquinavir and indinavir using the program AMMP.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2005
Journal of virology
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