Result: More specifically, TDF, when compared with d4T, was found strongly associated with greater risk of mutations Y115F and K65R (PP[OR>1]>99%), and, with less clear evidence (PP[OR>1]>92) with greater risk of mutations Y181I, V179F, and A62V (Figure 2B).
Characterization of genotypic and phenotypic changes in HIV-1-infected patients with virologic failure on an etravirine-containing regimen in the DUET-1 and DUET-2 clinical studies.
PMID: 20854144
2010
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: The most frequently emerging RT mutations were V179F, V179I, and Y181C, with positions K101 and E138 also showing frequent changes.
Constrained patterns of covariation and clustering of HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations.
PMID: 20462946
2010
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Method: The complete list of etravirine RAMs was defined as V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/P, V106I, E138A, V179D/F/T, Y181C/I/V, G190A/S and M230L.
Method: We performed multidimensional scaling on the pairwise association data using a <
Result: The major etravirine RAM Y181C was significantly associated with G190A, H221Y, V108I, A98G, G190S and V179F.
Prevalence of mutations and determinants of genotypic resistance to etravirine (TMC125) in a large Italian resistance database (ARCA).
Abstract: Frequent RAMs were Y181C, G190A, K101E and A98G, whereas V179F, Y181V and G190S appeared in <5% of sequences.
Abstract: The DUET studies showed that at least three TMC125-associated mutations were required to impair the efficacy of the drug and Y181C/V, V179F and G190S had the greatest effect on response.
N348I in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase decreases susceptibility to tenofovir and etravirine in combination with other resistance mutations.
Introduction: Since the presence of three or more NNRTI mutations V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/P, V106I, V179D/F, Y181C/I/V and G190A/S results in no response to etravirine treatment, the presence of two of these NNRTI mutations and N348I at baseline may also reduce etravirine efficacy in vivo.
TMC278, a next-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), active against wild-type and NNRTI-resistant HIV-1.
PMID: 19933797
2010
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: NNRTI RAMs emerging in HIV-1 under selective pressure from TMC278 included combinations of V90I, L100I, K101E, V106A/I, V108I, E138G/K/Q/R, V179F/I, Y181C/I, V189I, G190E, H221Y, F227C, and M230I/L.
Minority variants associated with transmitted and acquired HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance: implications for the use of second-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
PMID: 19734799
2009
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Method: Etravirine-resistance mutations were defined as mutations associated in the DUET studies with a decreased virological response to etravirine: V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/P, V106I, E138A, V179D/F/T, Y181C/I/V, G190A/S, and M230L.
Table: V179D/F
Compilation and prevalence of mutations associated with resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Conclusion: Etravirine RAMs include V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/P, V106I, E138A, V179D/F/T, Y181C/I/V, G190A/S and M230L.
Introduction: Of the mutations that had most significantly affected response to etravirine in the DUET trials, Y181C was present in 17.5% of the isolates, G190S in less than 2.5%, and V179F was not found in any isolates.
Table: V179F
Evaluating the role of etravirine in the second-line antiretroviral therapy after failing an initial non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimen in a resource-limited setting.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2011
PloS one
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