Result: Overall, the top 10 most common NNRTI-RAMs found in this study were V90I, followed by A98G, K101E, K103N, V108I, Y181C, M184I, Y188L, G190A and H221Y (Fig 1; listed according to the most frequently detected mutation to the least).
Prevalence of Drug Resistance Associated Mutations Among the Anti Retroviral Therapy Exposed HIV-1 Infected Individuals in Manipur, Northeast India.
Abstract: Fourteen major mutations of codon 99-191 on the RT gene were selected (K103N, V106A/M, V108I, Q151M, Y181C/I, M184V/I, Y188C/L/H, and G190S/A) at a cost of testing of 35 USD.
Abstract: The prevalence of each HIVDR mutation were K103N 6.0%, V106I 1.1%, V108I 0.4%, Y181C 2.3%, Y181I 0.7%, Y181V 0.4%, M184V 3.0%, M184I 1.5%, and PMID: 26651266
2016
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Method: In addition, we defined a list of minor RPV-RAMs that have been observed in in vitro or in vivo selection studies and are included in one or more of clinically widely used genotypic resistance interpretation algorithms ANRS (V24), Rega (V9.1.0), and HIVdb (V7.0.1), encompassing V90I, A98G, L100I/V, K101H/Q/T, K103R/S, V106A/I, V108I, E138S, V179D/E/F/I/T, Y181F/G/S, Y188F, V189I, G190A/C/E/Q/S/T/V, and M230V
Contribution of APOBEC3G/F activity to the development of low-abundance drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants.
PMID: 26482266
2016
Clinical microbiology and infection
Abstract: In a large pan-European case-control study investigating the clinical relevance of pre-existing DRMVs using 454 pyrosequencing, the six most prevalent plasma DRMVs detected corresponded to G-to-A nucleotide mutations (V90I, V106I, V108I, E138K, M184I and M230I).
Abstract: Mutations E138K, M184I and M230I co-occurred in the same sequence as APOBEC3G/F signatures in 3/9 (33%), 5/11 (45%) and 4/8 (50%) of samples, respectively; such linkage was not found for V90I, V106I or V108I.
Abstract: Samples with minority E138K,
HIV Drug Resistance in Antiretroviral Treatment-Naive Individuals in the Largest Public Hospital in Nicaragua, 2011-2015.
Result: This increase was mainly NNRTI-associated due to the presence of the polymorphic mutation E138A (86% of cases) and to a lesser extent V108I (14% of cases), which are not considered in the SDRMs list.
Viral and Host Characteristics of Recent and Established HIV-1 Infections in Kisumu based on a Multiassay Approach.
Abstract: Overall, HIV-1 subtype A (63%), D (15%), C (3%), G (1%) and recombinants (18%), two monophyletic dyads and intrinsic viral mutations (V81I, V81I/V, V108I/V and K101Q) were observed.
Result: Observed viral mutations included V81I and V81I/V in the protease gene, and V108I/V and K101Q in the reverse transcriptase gene, all of which were intrinsic mutations not associated with ARV exposure.
Prevalence of HIV Antiretroviral Drug Resistance and Its Impacts on HIV-1 Virological Failures in Jiangsu, China: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Result: K103N, Y181C, G190A, and V108I were the most prevalent mutations associated with NNRTIs resistance and the frequencies were 33.70%, 29.35%, 27.17%, and 27.17%, respectively (Figure 2(b)).
HIV-1 Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity, and Primary Drug Resistance in the Tyumen Oblast, Russia.
Result: The mutations with a low effect on the resistance to NNRTIs (E138A, V108I, and V90I) also had a low prevalence.
Discussion: Mutations K103N, M184I, T215Y, G190S, Y181C, K65R, and V108I with prevalences of 0.3 to 7% depending on the region are most frequently detected in the naive HIV-infected individuals.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2016
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Browser Board
Co-occurred Entities
Filtrator
ViMRT