literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Differences in resistance mutations among HIV-1 non-subtype B infections: a systematic review of evidence (1996-2008).

PMID: 19566959 2009 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Abstract: The main differences are reflected in the discoveries that: (i) the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutation, V106M, has been seen in subtype C and CRF01_AE, but not in subtype B, (ii) the protease inhibitor mutations L89I/V have been reported in C, F and G subtypes, but not in B, (iii) a nelfinavir selected non-D30N containing pathway predominated in CRF01_AE and CRF02_AG, while the emergence of D30N is favoured in subtypes B and D, (iv) studies on thymidine analog-treated subtype C infections from South Africa, Botswana and Malawi have reported a higher frequency of the K65R resistance mutation than that typically seen with subtype B.Additionally, some substitutions that seem to impact non-B viruses differentially a

HIV type-1 clade C resistance genotypes in treatment-naive patients and after first virological failure in a large community antiretroviral therapy programme.

PMID: 19578237 2009 Antiviral therapy

Abstract: Among treatment-experienced patients, 95 (86%) individuals had therapy-limiting NNRTI mutations, including K103N (55%), V106M (31%) and Y181C (9%).

Result: In total, 97 individuals (88%) had one or more therapy-limiting NNRTI mutations (table 3), including K103N (55%), V106M (31%) and Y181C (10%) and probable drug susceptibility according to the genotypic interpretation algorithm was poor (Table 4).

Result: The ratio of V106M/K103N in patients failing EFV therapy was 0.5.

Minority variants associated with transmitted and acquired HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance: implications for the use of second-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

PMID: 19734799 2009 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Method: L100I, K101E/P, K103N/S, V106A/M, Y181C/I/V, V179F, Y188C/H/L, G190A/S/E/Q and M230L were defined as major NNRTI resistance mutations.

Efavirenz: a decade of clinical experience in the treatment of HIV.

PMID: 19767318 2009 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Introduction: Studies on the differences between subtypes B and C relating to genetic variations at NNRTI resistance-associated positions have shown that mutation at positions such as V106M and A98S is more common for patients with subtype C than B.

Antiretroviral drug-resistant mutations at baseline and at time of failure of antiretroviral therapy in HIV type 1-coinfected TB patients.

PMID: 19895208 2009 AIDS research and human retroviruses

Abstract: V106M was the major NNRTI mutation that emerged in EFZ and Y181C in the NVP group.

Viremia, resuppression, and time to resistance in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) subtype C during first-line antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.

PMID: 19911963 2009 Clinical infectious diseases

Result: Of the patients achieving resuppression despite detectable resistance, all had NNRTI resistance mutations: K103N (8), V106M (5), P225H (1), or G190A (1).

Table: V106M

Genotypic HIV type-1 drug resistance among patients with immunological failure to first-line antiretroviral therapy in south India.

PMID: 19918105 2009 Antiviral therapy

Discussion: V106M was predominant over V106A, as reported previously, for subtype C viruses because the natural GTG polymorphism at codon 106 in clade C variants is distinct from clade B viruses.

The K65R mutation in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: genetic barriers, resistance profile and clinical implications.

PMID: 20190870 2009 HIV therapy

Introduction: In this regard, the acquisition of resistance to NNRTIs is somewhat unique, in that single point mutations, including K103N, Y181C and V106M, arise within days or weeks and confer more than 100-1000-fold resistance.

Prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance after failure of a first highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.

PMID: 18419495 2008 Clinical infectious diseases

Abstract: The most common mutation was M184V/I (64.3% of patients); K103N was present in virus from 51.3%, and V106M was present in virus from 19.1%.

Nevirapine resistance in women and infants after first versus repeated use of single-dose nevirapine for prevention of HIV-1 vertical transmission.

PMID: 18582198 2008 The Journal of infectious diseases

Result: In two infants, the same mutation was detected at 6 weeks and 6 months (one with V106M and one with Y181C).

Table: V106M

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