Influence of naturally occurring insertions in the fingers subdomain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase on polymerase fidelity and mutation frequencies in vitro.
PMID: 16432030
2006
The Journal of general virology
Abstract: T69S-AG, T69S-SG and T69S-SS alone, in combination with 3'-azido-2',3'-deoxythymidine-resistance mutations M41L, L210W, R211K, L214F, T215Y (LAG(AZ) and LSG(AZ)) or with an alternate set where A62V substitution replaces M41L (VAG(AZ), VSG(AZ) and VSS(AZ)).
Abstract: Some multi-nucleoside analogue-resistant variants contain a T69S substitution along with dipeptide insertions between residues 69 and 70.
Unusual codon 69 insertions: influence on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase drug susceptibility.
Abstract: Moreover, all three samples had a T69S substitution followed by three different dual amino acid insertions: SG, TG and VG.
Abstract: Patient 001 presented a pattern that should not cause a high phenotypic resistance to 3TC per se, and so we can argue that the concomitant presence of the insertion T69S (SG) makes this isolate moderately resistant to this drug.
Molecular mechanisms of tenofovir resistance conferred by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase containing a diserine insertion after residue 69 and multiple thymidine analog-associated mutations.
PMID: 14982794
2004
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: In strain FS the insertion and T69S were reverted but the other resistance mutations were retained.
Genotypic determinants of the virological response to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-experienced patients.
Abstract: RESULTS: The strongest association with decrease in viral load was observed with a set of seven mutations (TDF mutation score) that consisted of M41L, E44D, D67N, T69D/N/S, L74V, L210W and T215Y/F RT mutations.
Effects of dipeptide insertions between codons 69 and 70 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase on primer unblocking, deoxynucleoside triphosphate inhibition, and DNA chain elongation.
Abstract: Finger insertion mutations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) (T69S mutations followed by various dipeptide insertions) have a multinucleoside resistance phenotype that can be explained by decreased sensitivity to deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) inhibition of the nucleotide-dependent unblocking activity of RT.
A rapid phenotypic assay for detecting multiple nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 in plasma.
Abstract: In contrast, 21 specimens were sensitive to zidovudine-TP, of which 12 had WT genotypes, four had T215Y/F, and five had T69S-insertions along with T215Y/F mutations.
Frequency of mutations conferring resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients in Korea.
PMID: 11923351
2002
Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: In particular, the frequency of T69N/S/A increased sharply after more than 48 months of zidovudine monotherapy.
Abstract: The frequencies of K70R, T215S/Y/F (i.e., mutation of T at codon 215 to S, Y, or F), D67N/E, K219Q, T69N/S/A, M41L, and L210W mutations conferring resistance to zidovudine were 57.6, 36.4, 36.4, 27.2, 24.2, 21.2, and 12.1%, respectively.
Prevalence and genetic heterogeneity of the reverse transcriptase T69S-S-X insertion in pretreated HIV-infected patients.
Abstract: Tenofovir is uniquely active against multinucleoside-resistant HIV expressing the Q151M mutation, but shows reduced susceptibility to the T69S insertion mutations.
Alkylglycerol prodrugs of phosphonoformate are potent in vitro inhibitors of nucleoside-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and select for resistance mutations that suppress zidovudine resistance.
PMID: 11353603
2001
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Except for an HIV-1 variant encoding the K65R mutation in RT that exhibited 3.3- to 8.2-fold resistance, the nucleoside-resistant viruses included in the panel were sensitive to the PFA prodrugs (<3-fold increase in 50% inhibitory concentration), including multinucleoside-resistant variants encoding the Q151M complex of mutations or the T69S[SA] insert.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2006
The Journal of general virology
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