Introduction: Single-genome sequence analysis demonstrates a negative association of K65R with TAMs (T215Y/F + >=2 TAMs) on the same genome, except when facilitated with Q151M complex mutations.
Introduction: This second-generation NRTI showed improved antiviral activity against infections harboring TAMs (D67N, K70R and T215Y) and NAMs (Q151M).
Introduction: Two distinct TAM (TAM-1 and -2) pathways lead to the stepwise accumulation of major (M41L, K70R and T215Y/F), minor/secondary (D67N and L210W) and compensatory (
Molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 in Yaounde, Cameroon: evidence of major drug resistance mutations in newly diagnosed patients infected with subtypes other than subtype B.
PMID: 17855574
2008
Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: Single mutations associated with resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (T215Y/F [n = 3]) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (V108I [n = 1], L100I [n = 1], and Y181C [n = 2]) were observed in 7 of 75 (9.3%) group M samples.
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
PMID: 17967907
2008
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: To provide insight into the biochemical mechanism(s) involved, we investigated the effect of the G333D mutation in the connection domain of RT on resistance to zidovudine (AZT) and lamivudine (3TC) in enzymes that contain both M184V and thymidine analog mutations (TAMs; M41L, L210W, and T215Y).
AZT resistance of simian foamy virus reverse transcriptase is based on the excision of AZTMP in the presence of ATP.
Discussion: For HIV-1 RT it was concluded from biochemical and structural data that the exchange of T215 to an aromatic residue (T215F/Y) enhances binding of ATP, but not PPi, thus facilitating excision.
Discussion: The mutations involved in the enhanced excision of AZTMP in HIV-1 RT are M41L, D67N, K70R, T215Y/F and K219Q/E (Figure 7).
Genotypic resistance profiles in antiretroviral-naive HIV-1 infections before and after initiation of first-line HAART: impact of polymorphism on resistance to therapy.
PMID: 18182278
2008
International journal of antimicrobial agents
Abstract: In the reverse transcriptase sequence, M41L and T215Y/S were more common in patients infected with subtype B virus (P<0.05, chi(2)).
Amino acid mutation N348I in the connection subdomain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase confers multiclass resistance to nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Abstract: Acquisition of N348I was frequently observed in AZT- and/or ddI-containing therapy (12.5%; n = 48; P < 0.0001) and was accompanied with thymidine analogue-associated mutations, e.g., T215Y (n = 5/6) and the lamivudine resistance mutation M184V (n = 1/6) in a Japanese cohort.
Identification of a novel resistance (E40F) and compensatory (K43E) substitution in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
Abstract: Both amino acid changes are strongly associated with the well known NRTI-resistance mutations M41L, L210W and T215Y.
Method: Genotyping revealed that the increase in RNA load was associated with the appearance of M41L, L210W and T215Y.
Method: To determine the influence of the E40F and/or K43E amino acid substitutions, these changes were introduced in a wild type reference strain (HIV-1 HXB2) and a virus clone harbouring the M41L and T215Y amino acid changes.
Method: To introduce the K43E change in respectively the wild type plasmid, the plasmid co
Mechanisms of resistance to nucleoside analogue inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
Abstract: M41L, T215Y and other thymidine analogue resistance mutations), which in the presence of a pyrophosphate donor (usually ATP) allow the removal of chain-terminating inhibitors from the 3' end of the primer.
Trend of drug-resistant HIV type 1 emergence among therapy-naive patients in Nagoya, Japan: an 8-year surveillance from 1999 to 2006.
PMID: 18275342
2008
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: In addition, another 17 variants (4.2%, n = 17) with only 215-revertant mutations (T215C/D/G/L/S) that can easily reconvert to the nucleoside analogue-associated mutation of T215Y/F were found.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2009
AIDS research and therapy
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