literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Clinical and genotypic findings in HIV-infected patients with the K65R mutation failing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria.

PMID: 19644383 2009 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Result: The most common NRTI mutations observed were M184V (301, 89.1%), K70R (91, 26.9%), D67N (75, 22.2%), T215Y (61, 18.0%), T215F (51, 15.1%), M41L (46, 13.6%), K219Q (45, 13.3%), S68G (43, 12.7%), and K65R (37, 10.9%).

Discussion: Recently the rare association between TAMS and K65R was confirmed in vivo; furthermore when K65R was present with TAMS it was only found on the same genome with T215F/Y and >=2 other TAMS in the presence of Q151M.

Analysis of the diversity of the HIV-1 pol gene and drug resistance associated changes among drug-naive patients in Burkina Faso.

PMID: 19697403 2009 Journal of medical virology

Abstract: The mutations were distributed as follows: NRTI (10.6%): M41L (n = 2), D67N (n = 2), K70K/E (n = 2), L210W (n = 1), T215S/Y (n = 2), and K219K/Q (n = 2); NNRTI (6.1%): K103K/N (n = 2), Y181C (n = 2), G190G/A (n = 1), and P236P/L (n = 1).

Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance among acute and recent HIV infections in North Carolina from 1998 to 2007.

PMID: 19704170 2009 Antiviral therapy

Result: Seven recently infected subjects harbored T215C or T215D revertant mutations, which represent the first back-mutation away from T215Y.

Minority variants associated with transmitted and acquired HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance: implications for the use of second-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

PMID: 19734799 2009 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Result: Five samples had one or more NRTI or NNRTI-resistance mutation including 30062 which had four NRTI-resistance mutations: M184V+L210W+T215Y+219Q and 8048 had one NRTI-resistance mutation K65R and one NNRTI-resistance mutation P225H.

Result: Twelve samples had established NRTI-resistance mutations including M184V/I in 9 samples and T215F/Y in 6 samples.

Discussion: For example, PID 8048 had the NRTI-resistance mutation K65R a

Thymidine analogue resistance suppression by V75I of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: effects of substituting valine 75 on stavudine excision and discrimination.

PMID: 19801659 2009 The Journal of biological chemistry

Abstract: M41L/A62V/T69SSS/K70R/T215Y), the introduction of V75I led to a significant decrease of its ATP-dependent excision activity on AZT-, d4T-, and acyclovir-terminated primers.

Abstract: Recombinant HIV-1 containing the M41L/A62V/T69SSS/K70R/V75I/T215Y RT showed 18.3- and 1.5-fold increased susceptibility to AZT and d4T, respectively, in comparison with virus containing the M41L/A62V/T69SSS/K70R

Structural basis for the role of the K65R mutation in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase polymerization, excision antagonism, and tenofovir resistance.

PMID: 19812032 2009 The Journal of biological chemistry

Figure: Superposition of excision-enhancing mutation or TAM (M41L, D67N, K70R, T215Y, and K219Q) RT dsDNA AZTppppA structure4 on K65R RT dsDNA dATP structure at their dNTP-binding sites; AZTppppA is the product of AZT monophosphate by ATP-mediated excision.

Discussion: 4) has shown that T215Y significantly contributes to the binding of ATP to the mutant RT for excision by stacking with its adenine base and K70R forms a network of hydrogen-bonding interactions with the alpha'-phosphate and 3'-OH of ATP.4 The K65R mutation has the opposite effect of decreasing the rate of ex

RT-SHIV subpopulation dynamics in infected macaques during anti-HIV therapy.

PMID: 19889213 2009 Retrovirology

Discussion: The 214F mutation is associated with nucleoside analogue mutation cluster 2 (D67N+K70R+K219Q+T215F) and negatively associated with nucleotide analogue mutation cluster 1 (M41L+L210W+T215Y).

Viremia, resuppression, and time to resistance in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) subtype C during first-line antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.

PMID: 19911963 2009 Clinical infectious diseases

Method: Thymidine associated mutations (TAMs) were M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, K219Q/E and multi-NRTI mutations included TAMS, K65R, and L74V.

Genotypic HIV type-1 drug resistance among patients with immunological failure to first-line antiretroviral therapy in south India.

PMID: 19918105 2009 Antiviral therapy

Result: In total, 63% in group A and 74% in group B had thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs), with M41L and T215Y significantly (P<0.05) higher in group B (Table 2).

Discussion: T215Y, L210W and M41L, which constitute the TAM-1 pathway were significantly higher in group B, and this might be associated with their prior AZT/3TC dual therapy prior to HAART.

Antiretroviral genotypic resistance mutations in HIV-1 infected Korean patients with virologic failure.

PMID: 19949656 2009 Journal of Korean medical science

Abstract: M184V/I mutation was observed in 36 patients (87.7%) followed by T215Y/F (41.5%) and M46I/L (34%).

Result: M184V/I mutation was observed in 36 patients (87.7%) followed by T215Y/F (17/41, 41.5%) and M46I/L (14/41, 34.2%).

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