literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Virologic suppression in patients with a documented M184V/I mutation based on the number of active agents in the antiretroviral regimen.

PMID: 33014372 2020 SAGE open medicine

Table: T215Y/F

Patterns of acquired HIV-1 drug resistance mutations and predictors of virological failure in Moshi, Northern Tanzania.

PMID: 32986709 2020 PloS one

Result: Identified TAMs were T215YF (n = 9), K219QE (n = 7), K70R (n = 7), D67N (n = 6), M41L (n = 4), and L210W (n = 3) (Table 3).

Table: T215Y

Discussion: Two of these samples had M41L and T215Y TAMs, a combination which further enhances cross-resistance to all US FDA approved NRTIs, a phenomenon known as Multi-NRTI resistance.

Prevalence and characteristics of HIV drug resistance among antiretroviral treatment (ART) experienced adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Ndola, Zambia.

PMID: 32804970 2020 PloS one

Result: Additionally, 13.3% (6 out of the 45) needing first line drug change had the type 2 TAMs combination of T215Y, D67N and K70RTQNE which in combination diminish the effectiveness of zidovudine.

Discussion: The high prevalence of individual TAMs (D67N and K70R) or TAMs in combination (M41L with T215Y) reduces susceptibility to Zidovudine (a key drug for most second line regimens).

Pre-treatment drug resistance and HIV-1 genetic diversity in the rural and urban settings of Northwest-Cameroon.

PMID: 32692778 2020 PloS one

Discussion: In combination, M41L plus T215Y confer intermediate / high-level resistance to Zidovudine (AZT) and Stavudine (d4T) and contribute to reduced Didanosine (ddI), Abacavir (ABC) and Tenofovir (TDF) susceptibility.

Discussion: The mutation M41L is a TAM that usually occurs with T215Y.

Prevalence and determinants of virological failure, genetic diversity and drug resistance among people living with HIV in a minority area in China: a population-based study.

PMID: 32576136 2020 BMC infectious diseases

Result: The most common mutations in NNRTIs were K103N/KN (64.69%), V179D/E (23.47%) and Y181C/YC/I (14.00%), they were M184V/MV/I (36.29%), T215F/FS/TNSY (7.50%) and K219Q (5.92%) in NRTIs, and they were Q58E/QE (4.93%), L10F/LFI (0.39%) and M46L (0.39%) in PIs.

Nucleocapsid Protein Precursors NCp9 and NCp15 Suppress ATP-Mediated Rescue of AZT-Terminated Primers by HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase.

PMID: 32747359 2020 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy

Abstract: Clinically relevant combinations of TAMs, such as M41L/T215Y or D67N/K70R/T215F/K219Q, enhance the ATP-mediated excision of AZT monophosphate (AZTMP) from the 3' end of the primer, allowing DNA synthesis to continue.

Abstract: In HIV-1, development of resistance to AZT (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine) is mediated by the acquisition of thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) (i.e., M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, and K219E/Q) in the viral reverse transcriptase (RT).

Two Coselected Distal Mutations in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) Alter Susceptibility to Nonnucleoside RT Inhibitors and Nucleoside Analogs.

PMID: 30894467 2019 Journal of virology

Discussion: The primary resistance mutations to AZT are T215F/Y and/or K70R.

Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance in a Large US Clinic Population.

PMID: 29846534 2019 Clinical infectious diseases

Method: A subset of the NRTI-associated SDRMs were classified as thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) including M41L, D67N/G, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F,

Discussion: Although the spectrum of NRTI-associated SDRMs was diverse, >80% of NRTI TDR cases were caused by TAMs, of which those other than T215Y/F may have little impact on currently used NRTIs.

Discussion: The rarity of K65R, other less common TDF-associated mutations, and the primary TAMs T215Y/F indicates that transmitted TDF resistance is unusual.

Prevalence of drug resistance mutations among ART-naive and -experienced HIV-infected patients in Sierra Leone.

PMID: 30989237 2019 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Abstract: The most prevalent RAMs were K103N (40.7%), M184V (28.8%), D67N (15.3%) and T215I/F/Y (15.3%).

Result: The most prevalent RT RAMs were as follows: K103N (n = 24, 40.7%), M184V (n = 17, 28.8%), D67N (n = 9, 15.3%), T215I/F/Y (n = 9, 15.3%) and M41L (n = 7, 11.9%) (Figure 1).

HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in Patients with HIV and HIV-TB Coinfection After Failure of First-Line Therapy: A Prevalence Study in a Resource-Limited Setting.

PMID: 31117863 2019 Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care

Table: T215Y

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