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 HIV mutation literature information.


  High prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance among patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in Lome, Togo.
 PMID: 21663632       2011       Journal of the International AIDS Society
Table: T215Y


  Selection of HIV resistance associated with antiretroviral therapy initiated due to pregnancy and suspended postpartum.
 PMID: 21765365       2011       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Method: An OLA was performed on all amplicons derived from plasma and PBMC using probes that detect mutations associated with high-level drug-resistance to NFV, codons D30N (AAT) and L90M (ATG), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) at codons K70R (AGA), M184V (GTG), and T215F/Y (TTC, TAC), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) at codons
Result: The new NRTI mutations included M184V associated with resistance to 3TC/FTC, and K70R and T215Y associated with resistance to thymidine analogs.


  Measuring enzymatic HIV-1 susceptibility to two reverse transcriptase inhibitors as a rapid and simple approach to HIV-1 drug-resistance testing.
 PMID: 21799767       2011       PloS one
Discussion: In vitro, V118 is reported to confer resistance to 3TC and other nucleoside analogues only in combination with other mutations like D67N and T215Y.


  Drug resistance patterns and virus re-suppression among HIV-1 subtype C infected patients receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in South Africa.
 PMID: 21927716       2011       Journal of AIDS & clinical research
Discussion: Among eight patients with TAMs, the most common pathway (seen in 6/8 patients) was TAM-2 related (D67N, K70R, K219Q/R/E); and the rest (2/8) were mixed with the TAM-1 pathway (M41L, L210W, T215Y) extending similar prior Southern African observations.


  Prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance mutations and HIV-I subtypes among newly-diagnosed drug-naive persons visiting a voluntary testing and counselling centre in northeastern South Africa.
 PMID: 21957668       2011       Journal of health, population, and nutrition
Abstract: Four (7.4%) of these were nucleoside RT inhibitor mutations (D67G, D67E, T69D, and T215Y), and one (1.9%) was a PR inhibitor mutation (M46I).
Result: These included four NRTI mutations (
Discussion: Mutations in D67E, D67G, and T69D were detected in three women while T215Y and M46I were detected in two men.


  A structural frame for understanding the role of thymidine analogue resistance mutations in resistance to zidovudine and other nucleoside analogues.
 PMID: 22024508       2011       Antiviral therapy
Abstract: These mutations, known as thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) are M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219E/Q.


  Phenotypic analysis of HIV-1 genotypic drug-resistant isolates from China, using a single-cycle system.
 PMID: 22047156       2011       Molecular diagnosis & therapy
Abstract: The phenotype results showed that individual pseudoviruses with four thymidine analog mutations (TAMs).[M41L, T67N, L210W, and T215Y] in combination with various other mutations had different levels of resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).


  Resistance patterns selected by nevirapine vs. efavirenz in HIV-infected patients failing first-line antiretroviral treatment: a bayesian analysis.
 PMID: 22132100       2011       PloS one
Result: Conversely, the use of an efavirenz-based regimen was associated with significantly increased risks of the mutations P225H (PP[OR>1]>99%), V106M (PP[OR>1]>99%), K103N (PP[OR>1]>99%), L100I (PP[OR>1] = 97%), T215Y (PP[OR>1] = 97.5%) and L210W (PP[OR>1]>99%).
Result: Longer duration of virologic failure was found significantly associated with higher risk of all TAM-2 mutations (D67N, K70R, K219Q/E, T215F) and the T215Y mutation with ORs ranging from 1.25 to 1.84 and PP[OR>1]>98% (Figure 2D).
Result: With NVP, the next two mutations, K219E and  PMID: 22160938       2011       Virologica Sinica
Abstract: Genotypic drug resistance analysis showed significant increases in percentages of patients carrying HIV-1 strains with M41L, T215Y/F, D67N, K103N, G190A/S, Y181C/F or L210W mutations.


  Does GSS still maintain relevance on HAART outcome after the introduction of newest active antiretroviral drugs? 48 weeks results.
 PMID: 22211659       2011       Current HIV research
Abstract: Data also showed a > 60% recurrence of specific mutations for NRTI: M41L, M184IV, L210W, T215FY, K219EQ and 75% for D67N.



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