Abstract: To detect minority populations with drug resistance, we used AS-PCR with mutation-specific primers designed for seven reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations, M41L, K65R, K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V, and T215F/Y, and for three protease inhibitor resistance mutations, M46I/L and L90M.
Method: Briefly, mutation-specific primers were designed for seven reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations, M41L, K65R, K70R,
Incidence and risk factors for first line anti retroviral treatment failure among Ugandan children attending an urban HIV clinic.
Result: Other common NRTI RAMs were the K70R (n = 22; 20%), T215Y (n = 36; 24%), M41L (n = 23; 21%), D67N (n = 15; 14%), K219Q/E (n = 14; 13%) and the L210W making 9% of the TAMs.
Effectiveness of first-line antiretroviral therapy and correlates of longitudinal changes in CD4 and viral load among HIV-infected children in Ghana.
Result: With the widespread use of AZT and d4T, the resistance mutations associated with these drugs, including K70R, T215F/Y and K219Q/E, were 4.5%, 6.8%, and 5.1%, respectively.
Table: T215Y
HIV-1 drug-resistance surveillance among treatment-experienced and -naive patients after the implementation of antiretroviral therapy in Ghana.
Abstract: The most prevalent mutation was lamivudine-resistance M184V (n = 12, 38.7%) followed by efavirenz/nevirapine-resistance K103N (n = 9, 29.0%), and zidovudine/stavudine-resistance T215Y/F (n = 6, 19.4%).
Result: As shown in Table 4, the most prevalent drug-resistance mutation among the 31 cases was
Table: T215Y
Discussion: Furthermore, nearly half of the cases (45.2%, 14/31) had both NRTI- and NNRTI-resistance mutations (Table 4), a pattern that is consistent with that observed in a recent systematic review on treatment-failure cases in sub-Saharan Africa, where M184V/I, K103N, and T215Y/F mutations predominate.
Persistence of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance mutations.
PMID: 23904291
2013
The Journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: Most thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) and T215 revertants (but not T215F/Y) were found to be highly stable, with NNRTI and PI mutations being relatively less persistent.
Result: There was also a rapid transition of T215F and T215Y to one of the T215 revertants, but the revertants themselves were highly stable with a rate of loss of 5 (95% CI, 3-11) mutations per 100 PYFU.
Table: T215Y
Discussion: In a recent study of patients with acute/early infection all TAMs were combined for analysis, but we found marked variation within this group of mutations, with T215F/Y and K70R being lost more rapidly than other TAMs.
Trends in Genotypic HIV-1 Antiretroviral Resistance between 2006 and 2012 in South African Patients Receiving First- and Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens.
Method: Different RT mutations at the same residue were pooled, including the NRTI-resistance mutations D67NG, K70EGQ, L74VI, M184VI, T215YF, K219QE and the NNRTI-resistance mutations K101EH, K103NS, Y188LCH, and G190ASEQ.
Method: Thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) were defined as M41L, D67NG, K70R, L210W,
Comparisons of Primary HIV-1 Drug Resistance between Recent and Chronic HIV-1 Infection within a Sub-Regional Cohort of Asian Patients.
Abstract: Among those with recent infection, the most common RAMs to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) were M184I/V and T215D/E/F/I/S/Y (1.1%), to non-NRTIs was Y181C (1.3%), and to PIs was M46I (1.5%).
Abstract: Of patients with chronic infection, T215D/E/F/I/S/Y (0.8%; NRTI), Y181C (0.5%; non-NRTI), and M46I (0.4%; PI) were the most common RAMs.
Discussio
Prevalence of drug resistance mutations and HIV type 1 subtypes in an HIV type 1-infected cohort in rural Tanzania.
PMID: 23806135
2013
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: In samples from 2009 only K103N (3.3%), M184V, and T215FY (0.8%) were detected.
Efavirenz stimulates HIV-1 reverse transcriptase RNase H activity by a mechanism involving increased substrate binding and secondary cleavage activity.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2013
PloS one
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