Introduction: Data from this study shows that while K65R was present in 82% of genomes without TAMs, and at low frequency in the presence of <3 TAMs; no sequences were identified with K65R, T215F/Y and >= 2 TAMs in the absence of the Q151M multi-drug resistant complex.
Introduction: The association of Q151M and other Q151M complex mutations with K65R, T215F/Y and other TAMs suggests that the Q151M complex is necessary to confer NRTI resistance in the presence of K65R and TAM antagonism.
Introduction: Two of the canonical TAM mutations, K70R and
Development and customization of a color-coded microbeads-based assay for drug resistance in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
Introduction: As an initial approach, we focused on designing an assay for six major DR mutations: M41L, K65R,
Result: DR mutations were found at codons M41L (n = 22), K65R (n = 3), K70R (n = 10), K103N (n = 7), M184V (n = 21) and T215Y/F (n = 22) in 40 specimens (Table 2).
Discussion: To simplify the development, we chose clade B virus and focused on the following mutations in the RT region: M41L, K65R, K70R, K103N, M184V and T215Y/F.
2 ,3 -Dialdehyde of ATP, ADP, and adenosine inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and HIV-1 replication.
Abstract: oATP also suppresses RT activity and replication of the HIV-1 resistant variants M184V and T215Y.
Virological failure and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among naive and antiretroviral pre-treated patients entering the ESTHER program of Calmette Hospital in Cambodia.
Result: The TAM1 pathway was present mostly in pre-treated patients (M41L 4/15, 27.7%; L210W: 3/15, 20%, T215Y/I/Y: 6/15, 40%).
HIV multi-drug resistance at first-line antiretroviral failure and subsequent virological response in Asia.
PMID: 25141905
2014
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Introduction: There are two TAM path
Result: A total of 35 patients had at least 1 TAM, with the following distribution: M41L (16%), D67N (15%), K70R (9%), L210W (11%), T215Y (16%), T215F (11%), K219Q (5%) and K219E (2%).
Result: Figures 1 and 2 show that the most common NRTI RAM was M184V (79/105, 75%), followed by M41L and T215Y (both 17 patients each, 16%), and the most common NNRTI RAM was Y181C (37 patients, 35%), followed by K103N (34 patients, 32%).
2014 Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.
Discussion: Mutations known to be selected by TAMs (ie, M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E) also confer reduced susceptibility to all currently approved nRTIs.
Discussion: Some nucleoside (or nucleotide) analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nRTI) mutations, like T215Y and H208Y, may lead to viral hypersusceptibility to the nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), including etravirine, in nRTI-treated individuals.
Discussion: The prese
Emergence of drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected patients from pune, India, at the end of 12 months of first line antiretroviral therapy initiation.
Abstract: HIV-1 resistance to zidovudine [AZT (azidothymidine)] is associated with selection of the mutations M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219Q/E in RT (reverse transcriptase).
Result: Consistent with previously published data, we found that RTs containing M41L/L210W/T215Y or D67N/K70R/T215F/K219Q increased the enzyme's apparent affinity for ATP (KM) and the rate of excision (kexcision) (Table 1).
Result: H
Horizontal gene transfer from human host to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase confers drug resistance and partly compensates for replication deficits.
Abstract: The insertion developed within the context of pre-existing NRTI and NNRTI mutations (M41L, L210W, T215Y and N348I).
High level of HIV-1 resistance in patients failing long-term first-line antiretroviral therapy in Mali.
PMID: 24855120
2014
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: The treatment duration, median number of NRTI and NNRTI mutations and some reverse transcriptase mutations (T215Y/F/N, L210W, L74I, M41L and H221Y) were associated with the VL at virological failure.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2014
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