Result: For NRTIs, K219N and T215rev were consistently above, whereas K70E, M184I/V, L210W and T215Y/F were below the CI.
Result: Highest transmission ratios were observed for N83D (0.165), N88D/S (0.134) and D30N (0.130) for protease inhibitors; T215Rev (0.727) (for T215Y/F was 0.029) and V75A/M/S/T (0.120) for NRTIs; and
Figure: T215Y/F and T215Rev are shown in green but were taken together (T215) for the linear regression.
Analysis of the Zidovudine Resistance Mutations T215Y, M41L, and L210W in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase.
PMID: 26324274
2015
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: In this study, the roles of these mutations, in combination with T215Y, were examined to determine whether they affect polymerization and excision by HIV-1 RT.
Abstract: The L210W mutation plays a similar role, but it enhances excision by RTs that carry the T215Y mutation when ATP is present at a low concentration.
Abstract: The M41L mutation appears to help restore the DNA polymerization activity of RT containing the T215Y mutation and also enhances AZTMP excision.
Abstract: The primary resistance pathway selects for mutations of T215 that change the threonine to either a tyrosine or a phenylalanine (T215Y/F); this resistance pathway involves a
Effectiveness of a Treatment Switch to Nevirapine plus Tenofovir and Emtricitabine (or Lamivudine) in Adults with HIV-1 Suppressed Viremia.
Epidemiological Surveillance of HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Spain in 2004-2012: Relevance of Transmission Clusters in the Propagation of Resistance Mutations.
Result: It is noteworthy that several major mutations associated to high level resistance to NRTIs (K65R, L74V, Y115F, M184V and T215Y), to NNRTIs (l100I, K101E, K103N/S, V106M, Y181C, Y188L and G190A) and to PIs (D30N, M46I/L, I54V/T, L76V, V82A,
Table: T215Y
Evidence of Self-Sustaining Drug Resistant HIV-1 Lineages Among Untreated Patients in the United Kingdom.
Abstract: METHODS: We extracted all subtype B HIV-1 pol gene sequences from treatment-naive patients within the United Kingdom HIV Drug Resistance Database sampled between 1997 and 2011 and carrying the most common protease inhibitors, nonnucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors TDR mutations, namely, L90M, K103N, and T215Y/F/rev, respectively (n = 1140).
Abstract: The remaining sequences contained T215Y or combinations of L90M, K103N, and T215rev.
Transmitted Drug Resistance Mutations in Antiretroviral-Naive Injection Drug Users with Chronic HIV-1 Infection in Iran.
Discussion: In contrast to these earlier reports that identified a limited number of NRTI mutations (T215D, K219Q and D67G, V75A) with a low overall frequency (4.2% and 5.1%, respectively) in newly infected Iranian cases, we detected a variety of NRTI SDRMs (M41L, D67N, K70R, V75M, F116Y, M184V, L210W, T215Y, and K219E) with a higher overall frequency (10%) in chronically infected IDUs in the city of Sanandaj (Table 2).
Single Genome Analysis for the Detection of Linked Multiclass Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1-Infected Children After Failure of Protease Inhibitor-Based First-Line Therapy.
PMID: 25923117
2015
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
5Result: PI and NRTI DRMs were detected by SGS only and at baseline in 2 children, ""D"" and ""E."" These were T215I (5%, n = 21 sequences) in ""D"" and the major PI DRM I50V (3%, n = 30 sequences) in ""E."" T215I is not known to confer NRTI resistance rather it is a reversion mutation of the thymidine analog mutation (TAM) T215F/Y."
Geographic and temporal trends in the molecular epidemiology and genetic mechanisms of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance: an individual-patient- and sequence-level meta-analysis.
Method: T215 mutations other than T215Y/F were called T215 revertants because they often emerge in individuals initially infected with a virus containing T215Y/F.
Method: Thymidine-analog mutations (TAMs) were defined as the NRTI S
Result: Of the 34 NRTI SDRMs, 16 occurred in >=0.1% of the 50,870 viruses from all regions: most commonly M184V, the TAMs (M41L, D67G/N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, K219E/Q), the T215 revertants (T215C/D/E/S), T69D, and F77L.
AZT resistance alters enzymatic properties and creates an ATP-binding site in SFVmac reverse transcriptase.
Conclusion: 10 A away from site I, by introducing the aromatic substitution T215F/Y.
Introduction: Amino acid sequence alignments of the polymerase domains of SFVmac and HIV-1 revealed that the SFVmac AZT resistance mutations do not correspond to the ones obtained with highly AZT-resistant HIV-1 RT (M41L, D67N, K70R, T215Y/F
Result: In contrast to HIV-1 RT, AZT resistance substitutions in SFVmac PR-RT do not result in an aromatic amino acid, but instead make an already existent Trp accessible to fulfill a similar task as the T215Y/F exchange in HIV-1 RT.
Use of amplification refractory mutation system PCR assay as a simple and effective tool to detect HIV-1 drug resistance mutations.
PMID: 25788547
2015
Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: ARMS-PCR's limits of detection for mutations M184V, T215Y/F, K103N, and Y181C were <75 copies/ml, 143 copies/ml, 143 copies/ml, and 836 copies/ml, respectively.
Abstract: The ARMS-PCR assay was able to detect M184V, T215Y/F, K103N, and Y181C mutations with sensitivities of 96.8%, 85.7%, 91.3%, and 70%, respectively, and specificities of 90.6%, 95%, 100%, 96.9%, respectively, compared with data on sequencing.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2015
AIDS (London, England)
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