Discussion: Among them, the mutations G190S, K103N, M184V, Y181C, K101E, M41L, and T215F/Y, influencing the HIV resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs, are observed at a high rate.
Discussion: Mutations K103N, M184I, T215Y, G190S, Y181C, K65R, and V108I with prevalences of 0.3 to 7% depending on the region are most frequently detected in the naive HIV-infected individuals.
From antiretroviral therapy access to provision of third line regimens: evidence of HIV Drug resistance mutations to first and second line regimens among Ugandan adults.
Comparison of 454 Ultra-Deep Sequencing and Allele-Specific Real-Time PCR with Regard to the Detection of Emerging Drug-Resistant Minor HIV-1 Variants after Antiretroviral Prophylaxis for Vertical Transmission.
Abstract: METHODS: Plasma samples from 34 Tanzanian women were previously analysed by ASPCR for key resistance mutations in the viral RT selected by AZT, 3TC, and NVP (K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V, T215Y/F).
Introduction: ASPCR was performed for the most common and frequent key resistance mutations: K70R selected early and transiently by AZT and T215Y/F selected by AZT, K103N and Y181C selected by NVP, and the M184V mutation selected by 3TC.
Discussion: Resistance mutations present in low frequencies such as the AZT resistance mutations, in particular the minor mutation PMID: 26512902
2015
PloS one
Discussion: Despite the extensive use of thymidine analogues like AZT or D4T in Ethiopia and unlike previous similar studies, TAMs characterized by the mutations M41L, L210W, T215Y (TAM-path 1) and D67N, K70R, T215F, K219Q/E (TAM-path 2) were lacking in the current study indicating a recent period of virological failure.
The Evolving Genotypic Profile of HIV-1 Mutations Related to Antiretroviral Treatment in the North Region of Brazil.
Result: Taking into account multiple mutations together, the thymidine analog mutations (TAM) pathway 1 (including M41L, L210W, and T215Y) was selected in 40.8% of the patients, whereas TAM-2 (including D67N, K70R, T215F, and 58 K219Q/E) was present in 42.2%.
Result: The most prevalent mutations related to NRTIs were M184V (80.1%), followed by M41L (31.8%), T215Y (30.2%), D67N (25.5%), K70R (24.4%), T215F (18.3%), L210W (15.1%), and V118I
HIV Drug Resistance Surveillance in Honduras after a Decade of Widespread Antiretroviral Therapy.
Result: The first case included a virus with acquired K103N from a heterosexual male enrolled at Tegucigalpa and a female with transmitted K103N from San Pedro Sula (Fig 1B); the second case included two females enrolled at San Pedro Sula, one with acquired K103N and the other with transmitted K103N (Fig 1C); and the third case included two closely related, multidrug resistant viruses from heterosexual males enrolled at La Ceiba, one containing acquired M46L and T215Y and the other containing transmitted M46 and T215S (Fig 1D).
Discussion: Indeed, other NRTI DR mutations as M41L, D67N, K70R,
Outcome of patients on second line antiretroviral therapy under programmatic condition in India.
Characterization of two HIV-1 infectors during initial antiretroviral treatment, and the emergence of phenotypic resistance in reverse transcriptase-associated mutation patterns.
Result: 1c), T215Y was the earliest NRTI mutation to emerge in plasma in the 15th month of therapy, followed by M41L and then by E44D.
Result: For EFV, the IC50 for virus with the T215Y/V179E mutation was higher than with T215Y/K103N, suggesting that the background factor affected the IC50 significantly (F = 93.10, P < 0.0001).
Result: However, E44A replaced E44D as the last pattern of mutation with respect to M41L/T215Y.
Result: However, when H221Y was reversed (<
Table: T215Y
HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations: Potential Applications for Point-of-Care Genotypic Resistance Testing.
Result: Fig 2 shows that in viruses from individuals in LMICs with intermediate or high-level NRTI resistance following VF on a first-line NRTI/NNRTI-containing regimen, the most common major DRMs were M184V (91.5%) and M184I (3.7%), K
Figure: Major NRTI-associated DRMs (HIVDB score >=30) included K65R, D67 deletion, T69 insertion, K70R, L74V/I, Y115F, Q151M, M184I/V, and T215F/Y.
Longitudinal Detection and Persistence of Minority Drug-Resistant Populations and Their Effect on Salvage Therapy.
Abstract: According to ARV used in these individuals, we focused on the following seven reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant mutations:
Introduction: In this study, we used AS-PCR to analyze expression dynamics of eight drug resistance mutations (M41L, K65R, K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V and T215F/Y) during the clinical course of ARV-treated individuals with documented virologic failures and drug-resistant HIV-1.
Table: T215Y
Discussion: Similar findings were observed for individual 2, in which M184V was detected in 8 of 12 time points (day 1393-2373) and T215Y in 1 of 3 (day 565-793).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2016
BioMed research international
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