literature

HIV mutation literature information.

HIV-1 drug resistance testing is essential for heavily-treated patients switching from first- to second-line regimens in resource-limited settings: evidence from routine clinical practice in Cameroon.

PMID: 30871487 2019 BMC infectious diseases

Abstract: Thymidine-analogue mutations (TAMs)-1 [T215FY (46.53%), M41 L (22.77%), L210 W (8.91%)], with cross-resistance to AZT and TDF, were higher compared to TAMs-2 [D67N (21.78%), K70R (19.80%), K219QE (18.81%)].

Result: Of note, TAMs-1 were predominant (T215F/Y: 46.5%; M41 L: 22.8%; L210 W: 8.9%) and associated with higher levels of resistance to both AZT and TDF; as compared to TAMs-2 that had relatively lower prevalence (D67N: 21.8%; K70R: 19.8%; K219Q/E: 18.8%) and were associated preferentially with AZT/D4T-resistance.

Persistence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Proviral Deoxyribonucleic Acid After Virologic Failure of Efavirenz-Containing Antiretroviral Regimens.

PMID: 30863788 2019 Open forum infectious diseases

Method: Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor DRMs included M41I/L, D67N/E, K70R, M184V, T215Y/F/C/S, K219Q/E; NNRTI DRM included K103N, Y181C, G190A/S/R, L100I, K101E, V106I/M, Y188H/C/L, M230I/L.

Virological outcomes of boosted protease inhibitor-based first-line ART in subjects harbouring thymidine analogue-associated mutations as the sole form of transmitted drug resistance.

PMID: 30544247 2019 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Abstract: Most (203 of 269, 75.5%) had singleton TAMs, commonly a revertant of T215Y or T215F (112 of 269, 41.6%).

Introduction: More recently, investigators at Gilead Sciences merged data from a variety of clinical trials and reported that virological responses to 48 weeks of tenofovir-based first-line regimens were not diminished among 205 patients harbouring >=1 TAM, including 76 subjects with revertants of T215Y or T215F (T215rev.

Method: TAMs comprised the RT mutations M41L, D67N/G/E, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F/rev and

Drug resistance evolution in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-1 under long-term antiretroviral treatment-failure in Yunnan Province, China.

PMID: 30621727 2019 Virology journal

Abstract: M184 V/I (26.14%), T69S (11.36%), and T215Y/I (10.23%) mutations were the most common in nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and K103 N/R/S (21.59%), V179D/E (20.45%) in Non-NRTIs (NNRTIs).

Result: The most common NRTIs mutations were M184 V/I,

Discussion: Two clusters were studied here; TAM-1 (M41 L and T215Y) and TAM-2 (D67N, K70R, and K219Q).

Prevalence and persistence of transmitted drug resistance mutations in the German HIV-1 Seroconverter Study Cohort.

PMID: 30650082 2019 PloS one

Result: A Kaplan-Meier analysis could be performed for 18 TDRMs (K20T, L23I, K43T, M46I/L/V, I54V, M41L, L74I, M184V, L210W, K219R, T215A/C/D/N/S and T215Y).

Result: The presence of three or more TDRMs was mainly due to the accumulation of Thymidine-Analogue-Mutations (TAMs: M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, T215 revertants and K21

Characterization of minority HIV-1 drug resistant variants in the United Kingdom following the verification of a deep sequencing-based HIV-1 genotyping and tropism assay.

PMID: 30409215 2018 AIDS research and therapy

Result: Most of these minority drug resistance mutations were detected in the 67 cART-experienced individuals, e.g., the HIV-1 genotype of the following patients consisted of a mixture of majority and minority drug resistance mutations: patient SG79 (PR V11I 99.9%, K20I 99.9%; RT E44D 1.3%, D67N 1.1%, L100I 1.7%, M184V 84.9%, M184I 14.8%, K219Q 2.1%, INT E157Q 99.8%), patient SG86 (RT M184V 99.8%, INT L74M 97.9%, L74I 1.9%, E92Q 86

Resistance profile of children and adolescents infected with HIV-1 in urban areas in Togo.

PMID: 30799830 2018 Medecine et sante tropicales

Abstract: The mutations associated with the most frequent NRTIs were M184V, Y181C, and T215Y.

HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in Slovenia and its impact on predicted treatment effectiveness: 2011-2016 update.

PMID: 29698470 2018 PloS one

Discussion: In contrast to T215Y/F, T215 revertants show no reduction in transmission fitness.

Discussion: The T215 revertants appear in the absence of drug pressure from T215Y/F mutations that were initially selected under zidovudine treatment.

Risk factors and outcomes for the Q151M and T69 insertion HIV-1 resistance mutations in historic UK data.

PMID: 29661246 2018 AIDS research and therapy

Result: Thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) were most frequently seen, with TAM1 mutations (M41L, L210W and T215Y) being most common.

Table: T215Y/F

Distinct Pattern of Thymidine Analogue Mutations with K65R in Patients Failing Tenofovir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy.

PMID: 29084434 2018 AIDS research and human retroviruses

Introduction: Based on significant previous research of DRMs, TAMs have been described to associate into one of two distinct pathways: TAM-1 (M41L, L210W, T215Y) or TAM-2 (D67N, K70R, T215F, K219E/Q).

Introduction: However, in the 31 patients with no K65R present at S2, 6 had intermediate or high-level resistance to AZT: 4 were caused by TAM-2 DRMs, 1 by T215Y, and 1 by Q151M-complex mutations Q151M, A62V, V75I, F77L, F116Y.

Introduction: In viruses lacking

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