Result: D67N was significantly associated with the other TAMs K70R, H208Y, L210W, and T215Y.
Result: L210W was significantly associated with M41L and T215Y (p < 0.001; R > 1).
Result: M41L was significantly associated with T215Y (p < 0.001; R > 1).
Result: However, in the deceased group, M41L was significantly associated with the TAMs (thymidine analogue resistance mutations) D67N, L210W, and T215Y/F.
Table: T215Y
Discussion: For
HIV-1 drug-resistant mutations and related risk factors among HIV-1-positive individuals experiencing treatment failure in Hebei Province, China.
Result: In NRTI coding regions, M184V/I was the most frequent mutation, accounting for 30.4% (65/214), followed by K70R (8.4%, 18/214), D67N (5.6%, 12/214), M41L (5.4%, 11/214), and T215Y (5.4%, 11/214).
Result: One participant infected through heterosexual contact harbored dual mutations in NRTIs (T69N, M184V, and T215Y) and NNRTIs (K103N and M230L), and presented with high-level resistance to lamivudine
Table: T215Y/F
Table: T215Y
HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in Non-B Subtypes After Prolonged Virological Failure on NNRTI-Based First-Line Regimens in Sub-Saharan Africa.
PMID: 28129253
2017
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Result: After adjustment, participants on zidovudine at failure were more likely to have T215F, T215Y, M41L, K70R, D67N, L210W, type-1 thymidine analog, type-2 thymidine analog, and any thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs); those on tenofovir to have K65R, K70E, Y115F, and M184I; those on efavirenz to have K103N, P225H, Y188L, and L100I; and those on nevirapine to have Y181C and G190A.
Temporal Patterns and Drug Resistance in CSF Viral Escape Among ART-Experienced HIV-1 Infected Adults.
PMID: 28328546
2017
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Result: One case classified as CSF escape had multiple thymidine analogue-associated mutations (TAMs; L210W, T215Y, and M41L) in the presence of the M184I mutation (Table 3) on a regimen of abacavir, lamuvidine, and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir, effectively resulting in PI/r monotherapy in the CNS compartment (No.
Result: TAMs were present in 20 of 49 cases (40%), most commonly T215Y, D67N, or M41L (Table 4).
Discussion: Although there has been a declining trend in resistance mutations among HIV+ individuals in resource-rich settings, a 2015 study in ART-experienced patients with plasma HIV-1RNA >50 copies per milliliter showed that 12.5% and 19.8% of individuals had unique CSF resistance mutations to
Fidelity of classwide-resistant HIV-2 reverse transcriptase and differential contribution of K65R to the accuracy of HIV-1 and HIV-2 reverse transcriptases.
Introduction: Unlike HIV-1, HIV-2 does not develop resistance to nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs) through the excision pathway (involving amino acid substitutions M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219E/Q in the viral RT), but relies exclusively on nucleotide discrimination.
Mutational Correlates of Virological Failure in Individuals Receiving a WHO-Recommended Tenofovir-Containing First-Line Regimen: An International Collaboration.
Method: Because of the possibility that some individuals may have received a thymidine analog before receiving a TDF-containing regimen, as such switches may not have always reported, we excluded from our analysis individuals with sequences containing one or more canonical thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) - M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E.
Etravirine combined with antiretrovirals other than darunavir/ritonavir for HIV-1-infected, treatment-experienced adults: Week 48 results of a phase IV trial.
Result: Emerging NRTI RAMs were M41L, L74V, K219Q (1/49), D67N, M184I, T215Y (2/49), and M184V (3/49).
Commonly Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Reverse-Transcriptase and Protease in Antiretroviral Treatment-Naive Patients and Response to Regimens Containing Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate or Tenofovir Alafenamide.
PMID: 28453836
2017
The Journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: At least 1 thymidine-analogue mutations was present in 2.7% of patients with 0.07% harboring T215Y/F and 2.7% harboring T215 revertant mutations (T215rev).
Use of Proviral DNA to Investigate Virus Resistance Mutations in HIV-infected Zimbabweans.
Abstract: Six-percent (n=6) had at least one HIVDR mutation, comprising NRTI-associated mutations, (M184V, T69D, T69N and V75I); NNRTI-associated mutations (G190A, K103N, V106M, Y181C) and thymidine analogue associated mutations (D67N, K70R, K219Q, L210W, M41L, T215Y).
Result: One participant had seven mutations, three were TAMs (L210W, T215Y and PMID: 28659324
2017
Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: ART-naive HIV-1-infected patients from Cameroon were subjected to a multimethod HIVDR analysis using amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR, Sanger sequencing, and longitudinal next-generation sequencing (NGS) to determine their profiles for the mutations K103N, Y181C, K65R, M184V, and T215F/Y.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2017
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