literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Persistence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Proviral Deoxyribonucleic Acid After Virologic Failure of Efavirenz-Containing Antiretroviral Regimens.

PMID: 30863788 2019 Open forum infectious diseases

Method: Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor DRMs included M41I/L, D67N/E, K70R, M184V, T215Y/F/C/S, K219Q/E; NNRTI DRM included K103N, Y181C, G190A/S/R, L100I, K101E, V106I/M, Y188H/C/L, M230I/L.

Prevalence and persistence of transmitted drug resistance mutations in the German HIV-1 Seroconverter Study Cohort.

PMID: 30650082 2019 PloS one

Result: A Kaplan-Meier analysis could be performed for 18 TDRMs (K20T, L23I, K43T, M46I/L/V, I54V, M41L, L74I, M184V, L210W, K219R, T215A/C/D/N/S and T215Y).

Result: The presence of three or more TDRMs was mainly due to the accumulation of Thymidine-Analogue-Mutations (TAMs: M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, T215 revertants and K21

Virological outcomes of boosted protease inhibitor-based first-line ART in subjects harbouring thymidine analogue-associated mutations as the sole form of transmitted drug resistance.

PMID: 30544247 2019 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Abstract: Most (203 of 269, 75.5%) had singleton TAMs, commonly a revertant of T215Y or T215F (112 of 269, 41.6%).

Introduction: More recently, investigators at Gilead Sciences merged data from a variety of clinical trials and reported that virological responses to 48 weeks of tenofovir-based first-line regimens were not diminished among 205 patients harbouring >=1 TAM, including 76 subjects with revertants of T215Y or T215F (T215rev.

Method: TAMs comprised the RT mutations M41L, D67N/G/E, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F/rev and

Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance in a Large US Clinic Population.

PMID: 29846534 2019 Clinical infectious diseases

Method: A subset of the NRTI-associated SDRMs were classified as thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) including M41L, D67N/G, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F,

Discussion: Although the spectrum of NRTI-associated SDRMs was diverse, >80% of NRTI TDR cases were caused by TAMs, of which those other than T215Y/F may have little impact on currently used NRTIs.

Discussion: The rarity of K65R, other less common TDF-associated mutations, and the primary TAMs T215Y/F indicates that transmitted TDF resistance is unusual.

Risk factors and outcomes for the Q151M and T69 insertion HIV-1 resistance mutations in historic UK data.

PMID: 29661246 2018 AIDS research and therapy

Result: Thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) were most frequently seen, with TAM1 mutations (M41L, L210W and T215Y) being most common.

Table: T215Y/F

The HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase A62V Mutation Influences Replication Fidelity and Viral Fitness in the Context of Multi-Drug-Resistant Mutations.

PMID: 30029500 2018 Viruses

Abstract: In particular, A62V was observed in various multi-dideoxynucleoside resistant (MDR) mutation complexes, including the Q151M complex (i.e., A62V, V75I, F77L, F116Y, and Q151M), and the T69SSS insertion complex, which has a serine-serine insertion between amino acid positions 69 and 70 (i.e., M41L, A62V, T69SSS, K70R, and T215Y).

Introduction: In particular, A62V is normally seen in different mutational arrangements, located mostly on the flexible beta3-beta4 loop region of the fingers sub-domain of

HIV-1 infection among crack cocaine users in a region far from the epicenter of the HIV epidemic in Brazil: Prevalence and molecular characteristics.

PMID: 30016324 2018 PloS one

Discussion: T215C is considered a revertant mutation that do not reduce NRTI susceptibility but indicate that this virus population once contained T215Y/F mutations.

Discussion: This mutation suggests that the patient may have once harbored a majority virus population with T215Y/F.

Discussion: This patient's virus had M41L mutation which is a TAM that usually occurs with T215Y conferring high-level resistance to AZT and d4T and intermediate-level resistance to ddI, ABC and TDF.

HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in Slovenia and its impact on predicted treatment effectiveness: 2011-2016 update.

PMID: 29698470 2018 PloS one

Discussion: In contrast to T215Y/F, T215 revertants show no reduction in transmission fitness.

Discussion: The T215 revertants appear in the absence of drug pressure from T215Y/F mutations that were initially selected under zidovudine treatment.

Distinct Pattern of Thymidine Analogue Mutations with K65R in Patients Failing Tenofovir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy.

PMID: 29084434 2018 AIDS research and human retroviruses

Introduction: Based on significant previous research of DRMs, TAMs have been described to associate into one of two distinct pathways: TAM-1 (M41L, L210W, T215Y) or TAM-2 (D67N, K70R, T215F, K219E/Q).

Introduction: However, in the 31 patients with no K65R present at S2, 6 had intermediate or high-level resistance to AZT: 4 were caused by TAM-2 DRMs, 1 by T215Y, and 1 by Q151M-complex mutations Q151M, A62V, V75I, F77L, F116Y.

Introduction: In viruses lacking

The association between detected drug resistance mutations and CD4(+) T-cell decline in HIV-positive individuals maintained on a failing treatment regimen.

PMID: 28627486 2018 Antiviral therapy

Abstract: Among individuals with at least one DRM, we found evidence that any nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance, the reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations M184V, D67N and T215Y as well as the protease mutations V82A and I54V were associated with reduced CD4 declines.

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