Geographic and temporal trends in the molecular epidemiology and genetic mechanisms of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance: an individual-patient- and sequence-level meta-analysis.
Method: Thymidine-analog mutations (TAMs) were defined as the NRTI SDRMs M41L, D67N/G/E, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F/S/C/D/E/I/V, and K219Q/E/N/R.
Result: Of the 34 NRTI SDRMs, 16 occurred in >=0.1% of the 50,870 viruses from all regions: most commonly M184V, the TAMs (M41L, D67G/N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, K219E/Q), the T215 revertants (T215C/D/
Low rate of transmitted drug resistance may indicate low access to antiretroviral treatment in Maranhao State, northeast Brazil.
PMID: 25411830
2015
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Only single class mutations to NRTI (M184V; T215S) or NNRTI (K103S/N) were detected.
Persistence of frequently transmitted drug-resistant HIV-1 variants can be explained by high viral replication capacity.
Method: Baseline patient-derived viral protease genes harboring M46I, M46L, L90M or I54V + V82A + L90M or the N-terminus of RT containing M41L, M41L + T69S + L210E + T215S or K103N were introduced into HXB2 using the same vector system.
Result: In addition, two more complex transmitted viruses were studied: a protease-variant containing I54V + V82A + L90M and an
[Investigation of HIV-1 primary drug resistance mutations in antiretroviral therapy-naive cases].
Abstract: Detected mutations were as follows: M41L, K70E, M184V, L210W and T215C/D/S, responsible for nucleoside RT inhibitor (NRTI) resistance; K103N/S and Y181C, responsible for non-nucleoside RT inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance; M46L and L90M, responsible for protease inhibitor (PI) resistance.
Minority drug-resistant HIV-1 variants in treatment naive East-African and Caucasian patients detected by allele-specific real-time PCR.
Discussion: The T215A/C/D/E/G/H/I/L/N/S/V substitutions are revertant mutations at codon 215 that confer increased risk of virologic failure of zidovudine or stavudine in antiretroviralnaive patients.
HIV-1 drug mutations in children from northern Tanzania.
PMID: 24729604
2014
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: We also found a case of a transitional mutation, T215S, which is detected in isolates that eventually go on to develop the NRTI drug resistance mutations T215Y and T215F.
Table: T215S
Discussion: The detection of isolates with T215S in our cohort indicates the presence of drug selective pressure and strongly suggests resistant viruses.
Highly-sensitive allele-specific PCR testing identifies a greater prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in Japan.
Abstract: Bulk sequencing detected 8 cases with NRTI resistance mutations (one with A62V, one D67E, one T215D, one T215E, two with T215L and two T215S) and 15 with PI resistance mutations (one with N88D and 14 with M46I).
Result: As summarized in Table 2, all resistant mutations were found as sole mutation, one with A62V, one with D67E and six cases of intermediates at codon 215 (one with T215D, one with T215E, two cases of T215L and two cases of
Increased risk of Q151M and K65R mutations in patients failing stavudine-containing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Cambodia.
Abstract: Among those with recent infection, the most common RAMs to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) were M184I/V and T215D/E/F/I/S/Y (1.1%), to non-NRTIs was Y181C (1.3%), and to PIs was M46I (1.5%).
Abstract: Of patients with chronic infection, T215D/E/F/I/S/Y (0.8%; NRTI), Y181C (0.5%; non-NRTI), and M46I (0.4%; PI) were the most common RAMs.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2015
PLoS medicine
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