literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in newly diagnosed HIV-1 positive patients in Turkey.

PMID: 25397495 2014 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Abstract: However, thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) determined two distinct genotypic profiles in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: TAM1: M41L, L210W and T215Y, and TAM2: D67N, K70R, K219E/Q, and T215F.

Emergence of drug resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected patients from pune, India, at the end of 12 months of first line antiretroviral therapy initiation.

PMID: 25006528 2014 ISRN AIDS

Discussion: The type I pattern includes the mutations M41L, L210W, and T215Y while type II pattern includes D67N, K70R, T215F, and K219Q/E.

The lysine 65 residue in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase function and in nucleoside analog drug resistance.

PMID: 25341667 2014 Viruses

Introduction: Data from this study shows that while K65R was present in 82% of genomes without TAMs, and at low frequency in the presence of <3 TAMs; no sequences were identified with K65R, T215F/Y and >= 2 TAMs in the absence of the Q151M multi-drug resistant complex.

Introduction: Several mutations (the thymidine analog mutations, TAM) are required for high-level AZT resistance by excision, and include M41L, D67N, K70R, T215F or Y and K219E or Q.

Introduction: The association of Q151M and other Q151M complex mutations with K65R,

PMID: 25166019 2014 PloS one

Result: The TAM2 pathway (D67N, K70R, T215F, and K219Q/E) was present in 5/22, 4/22, 8/22, 2/22 patients.

HIV multi-drug resistance at first-line antiretroviral failure and subsequent virological response in Asia.

PMID: 25141905 2014 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Introduction: There are two TAM pathways: type I (M41L, L210W and T215Y) and type II (D67N, K70R, T215F and K219Q/E); the former conferring higher levels of resistance and cross-resistance.

Result: A total of 35 patients had at least 1 TAM, with the following distribution: M41L (16%), D67N (15%), K70R (9%), L210W (11%), T215Y (16%), T215F (11%), K219Q (5%) and K219E (2%).

Development and customization of a color-coded microbeads-based assay for drug resistance in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

PMID: 25314293 2014 PloS one

Result: DR mutations were found at codons M41L (n = 22), K65R (n = 3), K70R (n = 10), K103N (n = 7), M184V (n = 21) and T215Y/F (n = 22) in 40 specimens (Table 2).

Table: T215F

Figure: wild type; 2, M41L-TTG; 3, M41L-CTG; 4,

Restriction fragment mass polymorphism (RFMP) analysis based on MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for detecting antiretroviral resistance in HIV-1 infected patients.

PMID: 23480551 2013 Clinical microbiology and infection

Abstract: The concordance rates between the RFMP and direct sequencing assays for the examined codons were 97% (K65R), 97% (T69Ins/D), 97% (L74VI), 97% (K103N), 96% (V106AM), 97% (Q151M), 97% (Y181C), 97% (M184VI) and 94% (T215YF) in the reverse transcriptase coding region, and 100% (D30N), 100% (M46I), 100% (G48V), 100% (I50V), 100% (I54LS), 99% (V82A), 99% (I84V) and 100% (L90M) in th

Transmitted HIV drug resistance in treatment-naive Romanian patients.

PMID: 23592112 2013 Journal of medical virology

Result: Thymidine analogues mutations (TAMs), selected mostly by ZDV and d4T, were prevalent (6/9; 66.66%), with type II TAMs being more frequently detected (4/9; 44.44%): K70R and K219Q (each in three cases), D67N and T215F (each in two cases).

Evaluation of WHO immunologic criteria for treatment failure: implications for detection of virologic failure, evolution of drug resistance and choice of second-line therapy in India.

PMID: 23735817 2013 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Method: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations included in this analysis were as follows: M184V, M184I and M184V/I for lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC) resistance; K65R and K70E, associated with tenofovir (TDF) resistance; thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y, T215F, K219Q, and K219 E, associated with resistance to multiple NRTIs; and multinucleoside mutations, including the

Tenofovir-based regimens associated with less drug resistance in HIV-1-infected Nigerians failing first-line antiretroviral therapy.

PMID: 23079810 2013 AIDS (London, England)

Method: Thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) included M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, K219E/Q) that were further designated as TAM 1 (M41-L210-T215Y) or TAM 2 (D67-K70-T215F-K219).

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