Result: This decreasing trend was associated with reductions in frequency of several DR mutations including D67N, K70R, M184V, L210W, T215F, T215Y, and K219E (p<0.05; Fig 5).
Discussion: 3.1%, p<0.0001), with a significant reduction in the frequency of M184V and of most thymidine analogue mutations (TAM), including D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F, T215Y, and K219E.
HIV-1 Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity, and Primary Drug Resistance in the Tyumen Oblast, Russia.
Discussion: Among them, the mutations G190S, K103N, M184V, Y181C, K101E, M41L, and T215F/Y, influencing the HIV resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs, are observed at a high rate.
Evidence of Self-Sustaining Drug Resistant HIV-1 Lineages Among Untreated Patients in the United Kingdom.
Abstract: METHODS: We extracted all subtype B HIV-1 pol gene sequences from treatment-naive patients within the United Kingdom HIV Drug Resistance Database sampled between 1997 and 2011 and carrying the most common protease inhibitors, nonnucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors TDR mutations, namely, L90M, K103N, and T215Y/F/rev, respectively (n = 1140).
Comparison of 454 Ultra-Deep Sequencing and Allele-Specific Real-Time PCR with Regard to the Detection of Emerging Drug-Resistant Minor HIV-1 Variants after Antiretroviral Prophylaxis for Vertical Transmission.
Abstract: METHODS: Plasma samples from 34 Tanzanian women were previously analysed by ASPCR for key resistance mutations in the viral RT selected by AZT, 3TC, and NVP (K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V, T215Y/F).
Introduction: ASPCR was performed for the most common and frequent key resistance mutations: K70R selected early and transiently by AZT and T215Y/F selected by AZT, K103N and Y181C selected by NVP, and the M184V mutation selected by 3TC.
Method: HIV-1 subtype A-, D-, and C-specific ASPCR was established for seven resistance-associated key mutations selected by AZT (
Single Genome Analysis for the Detection of Linked Multiclass Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1-Infected Children After Failure of Protease Inhibitor-Based First-Line Therapy.
PMID: 25923117
2015
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
5Result: PI and NRTI DRMs were detected by SGS only and at baseline in 2 children, ""D"" and ""E."" These were T215I (5%, n = 21 sequences) in ""D"" and the major PI DRM I50V (3%, n = 30 sequences) in ""E."" T215I is not known to confer NRTI resistance rather it is a reversion mutation of the thymidine analog mutation (TAM) T215F/Y."
Geographic and temporal trends in the molecular epidemiology and genetic mechanisms of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance: an individual-patient- and sequence-level meta-analysis.
Method: T215 mutations other than T215Y/F were called T215 revertants because they often emerge in individuals initially infected with a virus containing T215Y/F.
Method: Thymidine-analog mutations (TAMs) were defined as the NRTI S
Result: Of the 34 NRTI SDRMs, 16 occurred in >=0.1% of the 50,870 viruses from all regions: most commonly M184V, the TAMs (M41L, D67G/N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, K219E/Q), the T215 revertants (T215C/D/E/S), T69D, and F77L.
AZT resistance alters enzymatic properties and creates an ATP-binding site in SFVmac reverse transcriptase.
Introduction: Amino acid sequence alignments of the polymerase domains of SFVmac and HIV-1 revealed that the SFVmac AZT resistance mutations do not correspond to the ones obtained with highly AZT-resistant HIV-1 RT (M41L, D67N, K70R, T215Y/F and K219Q/E).
Introduction: Comparison of the AZT resistance mutations select
Result: In contrast to HIV-1 RT, AZT resistance substitutions in SFVmac PR-RT do not result in an aromatic amino acid, but instead make an already existent Trp accessible to fulfill a similar task as the T215Y/F exchange in HIV-1 RT.
Global HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial.
Abstract: The most frequent TDR mutations observed were M41L, D67N/G/E, T215F/Y/I/S/C/D/E/V/N, 219Q/E/N/R, K103N/S, and G190A/S/E in reverse transcriptase, and M46I/L and L90M in protease.
Method: To obtain a standard interpretation across tests, HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance was defined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2009 surveillance list, with the addition of T215N (a revertant of T215F/Y omitted from the list) and E138K (a nonpolymorphic rilpivirine-associated muta
Clinical and virologic follow-up in perinatally HIV-1-infected children and adolescents in Madrid with triple-class antiretroviral drug-resistant viruses.
PMID: 25680310
2015
Clinical microbiology and infection
Abstract: The most common TC-DRM present in >=50% of them were D67NME, T215FVY, M41L and K103N (retrotranscriptase) and L90M (protease).
Use of amplification refractory mutation system PCR assay as a simple and effective tool to detect HIV-1 drug resistance mutations.
PMID: 25788547
2015
Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: ARMS-PCR's limits of detection for mutations M184V, T215Y/F, K103N, and Y181C were <75 copies/ml, 143 copies/ml, 143 copies/ml, and 836 copies/ml, respectively.
Abstract: The ARMS-PCR assay was able to detect M184V, T215Y/F, K103N, and Y181C mutations with sensitivities of 96.8%, 85.7%, 91.3%, and 70%, respectively, and specificities of 90.6%, 95%, 100%, 96.9%, respectively, compared with data on sequencing.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2016
PloS one
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