Result: In NRTI mutations, T215I/Y/S/N/F/E had the highest percentage (31.2%) in subtype B, whereas M184I/V had the most predominant percentage (43.8-73.3%) in CRF01_AE and other subtypes (Table 2 and Appendix 20).
Result: The top NRTI mutations identified in ART-naive and ART-treated individuals were M184V/I (16.3% and 41.8%) and T215I/Y/S/D/F (20.9% and 9.5%), and the top NNRTI mutations were K103N/S (18.7% and 40.5%), Y181C/I (14.0% and 22.2%), and G190A/S (9.5% and 22.2%, respectively).
Table: T215F/I
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Viral Load Is Elevated in Individuals With Reverse-Transcriptase Mutation M184V/I During Virological Failure of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy and Is Associated With Compensatory Mutation L74I.
PMID: 31774913
2020
The Journal of infectious diseases
Method: Because some individuals may have been exposed to thymidine analogs before TDF-containing regimens, we excluded individuals with sequences containing TAMs:M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E.
Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance in a Large US Clinic Population.
Method: A subset of the NRTI-associated SDRMs were classified as thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) including M41L, D67N/G, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, K219Q/E/R/N, and the T215 revertants T215C/D/E/I/S/V (which evolve from T215F/Y in the absence of selective drug pressure).
Result: However, the primary TAMs T215F/Y were present in just 5 individuals.
Discussion: Although the spectrum of NRTI-associated SDRMs was diverse, >80% of NRTI TDR cases were caused by TAMs, of which those other than
Virological outcomes of boosted protease inhibitor-based first-line ART in subjects harbouring thymidine analogue-associated mutations as the sole form of transmitted drug resistance.
PMID: 30544247
2019
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract:
Discussion: Emergence of T215Y and T215F from the WT virus.
Discussion: In support of the former hypothesis, deep sequencing in an ART-naive Belgian population with T215rev failed to identify T215Y, T215F or other NRTI mutations.
Discussion: In this epidemiological context, T215rev variants do not necessarily indicate the transmission of T215Y/T215F, thus diminishing clinical significance.
Discussion: T215rev variants are molecular intermediates in reverse transition between T215Y or T215F and WT, and are generally taken to signal persistence of progenitor T215Y/T215F.
Prevalence and persistence of transmitted drug resistance mutations in the German HIV-1 Seroconverter Study Cohort.
Result: The presence of three or more TDRMs was mainly due to the accumulation of Thymidine-Analogue-Mutations (TAMs: M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, T215 revertants and K219E/Q), which usually occur in mutation patterns.
Persistence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Proviral Deoxyribonucleic Acid After Virologic Failure of Efavirenz-Containing Antiretroviral Regimens.
PMID: 30863788
2019
Open forum infectious diseases
HIV-1 drug resistance testing is essential for heavily-treated patients switching from first- to second-line regimens in resource-limited settings: evidence from routine clinical practice in Cameroon.
Abstract: Thymidine-analogue mutations (TAMs)-1 [T215FY (46.53%), M41 L (22.77%), L210 W (8.91%)], with cross-resistance to AZT and TDF, were higher compared to TAMs-2 [D67N (21.78%), K70R (19.80%), K219QE (18.81%)].
Result: Of note, TAMs-1 were predominant (T215F/Y: 46.5%; M41 L: 22.8%; L210 W: 8.9%) and associated with higher levels of resistance to both AZT and TDF; as compared to TAMs-2 that had relatively lower prevalence (D67N: 21.8%; K70R: 19.8%; K219Q/E: 18.8%) and were associated preferentially with AZT/D4T-resistance.
Two Coselected Distal Mutations in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) Alter Susceptibility to Nonnucleoside RT Inhibitors and Nucleoside Analogs.
Discussion: These variants develop from strains containing T215Y/F mutations, primarily selected under the stavudine (d4T) and zidovudine (AZT) treatment and tend to persist for many years.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2020
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