literature

HIV mutation literature information.

HIV Pretreatment Drug Resistance Trends in Mexico City, 2017-2020.

PMID: 34959542 2021 Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

Result: The most frequent surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) were K103NS (6.7%) to NNRTI; M41L (1.2%) and T215CDEF (2.1%) to NRTI; M46IL (1.7%) to PI; and E138AKT (0.2%), Q148HKR (0.1%), and S230R (0.1%) to INSTI (Figure 2a).

Temporal Trends in HIV-1 Mutations Used for the Surveillance of Transmitted Drug Resistance.

PMID: 34064774 2021 Viruses

Method: Thymidine-analog mutations were defined as the NRTI-SDRMs M41L, D67N/G/E, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F/S/C/D/E/I/V, and K219Q/E/N/R.

Discussion: Conversely, four of the T215 revertant mutations, T215C/D/E/S had treatment/naive prevalence ratios of about 1.0 raising the question of whether these mutations will remain useful for the ongoing surveillance of clinically meaningful transmitted NRTI resistance.

Transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in a large international cohort using next-generation sequencing: results from the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) study.

PMID: 33369017 2021 HIV medicine

Abstract: Using the 2% detection threshold, individual DRMs with the highest prevalence were: PI M46IL (5.5%), RT K103NS (3.5%), RT G190ASE (3.1%), T215ISCDVEN (2.5%), RT M41L (2.2%), RT K219QENR (1.7%) and PI D30N (1.6%).

Trend of HIV-1 drug resistance in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data accumulated over 17 years (2001-2017).

PMID: 31922125 2020 EClinicalMedicine

Result: In NRTI mutations, T215I/Y/S/N/F/E had the highest percentage (31.2%) in subtype B, whereas M184I/V had the most predominant percentage (43.8-73.3%) in CRF01_AE and other subtypes (Table 2 and Appendix 20).

Prevalence and persistence of transmitted drug resistance mutations in the German HIV-1 Seroconverter Study Cohort.

PMID: 30650082 2019 PloS one

Result: For a number of TDRMs, no loss could be observed during the observation period (S1 Table) and, according to their maximal duration of observation, the following TDRMs seem to survive for lengthy periods in the absence of ART: the NRTI resistance mutations D67N (5.9 years), K70R (6.9 years), F77L (10.2 years), T215E (5.9 years) and K219Q (5.9 years), the NNRTI resistance mutations A98G (6.5 years) and Y188L (5.9 years) as well as the PI mutations I54L (5.9 years) and L90M (8.4 years) (S1 Table).

Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance in a Large US Clinic Population.

PMID: 29846534 2019 Clinical infectious diseases

Method: A subset of the NRTI-associated SDRMs were classified as thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) including M41L, D67N/G, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, K219Q/E/R/N, and the T215 revertants T215C/D/E/I/S/V (which evolve from T215F/Y in the absence of selective drug pressure).

Analysis of HIV-1 diversity, primary drug resistance and transmission networks in Croatia.

PMID: 31754119 2019 Scientific reports

Result: Forward transmission of SDRMs throughout the period 2014-2017 was determined in several TCs: (1) T215S (n = 20) and its sub-cluster T215S + L210W (n = 9) (2), K101E (n = 14) and (3) V32I + I47V + T215D/E + L100I + K103N (n = 8).

Result: The Croatian sequences contained the SDRM pattern PI: V32I, I47V + NRTI: T215E/D + NNRTI: L100I, K103N.

Discussion: In addition, PI resistance was determined in 10 (2

Increasing proportions of HIV-1 non-B subtypes and of NNRTI resistance between 2013 and 2016 in Germany: Results from the national molecular surveillance of new HIV-diagnoses.

PMID: 30408827 2018 PloS one

Table: T215E

HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in Slovenia and its impact on predicted treatment effectiveness: 2011-2016 update.

PMID: 29698470 2018 PloS one

Result: The second Slovenian sequence, with T215V, was nested within six sequences from the UK and Poland, all with identified T215 revertants (T215V, T215E or T215D).

Geographic and temporal trends in the molecular epidemiology and genetic mechanisms of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance: an individual-patient- and sequence-level meta-analysis.

PMID: 25849352 2015 PLoS medicine

Method: Thymidine-analog mutations (TAMs) were defined as the NRTI SDRMs M41L, D67N/G/E, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F/S/C/D/E/I/V, and K219Q/E/N/R.

Result: Of the 34 NRTI SDRMs, 16 occurred in >=0.1% of the 50,870 viruses from all regions: most commonly M184V, the TAMs (M41L, D67G/N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, K219E/Q), the T215 revertants (T215C/D/

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