Result: The most frequent surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRMs) were K103NS (6.7%) to NNRTI; M41L (1.2%) and T215CDEF (2.1%) to NRTI; M46IL (1.7%) to PI; and E138AKT (0.2%), Q148HKR (0.1%), and S230R (0.1%) to INSTI (Figure 2a).
Transmitted drug resistance and transmission clusters among HIV-1 treatment-naive patients in Guangdong, China: a cross-sectional study.
Discussion: The most frequent NRTI-associated mutations in our study were M184V and L210W, while they are M41L and D67G in Southwest China and T215C/D in Iceland and the south-central United States.
Temporal Trends in HIV-1 Mutations Used for the Surveillance of Transmitted Drug Resistance.
Method: Thymidine-analog mutations were defined as the NRTI-SDRMs M41L, D67N/G/E, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F/S/C/D/E/I/V, and K219Q/E/N/R.
Discussion: Conversely, four of the T215 revertant mutations, T215C/D/E/S had treatment/naive prevalence ratios of about 1.0 raising the question of whether these mutations will remain useful for the ongoing surveillance of clinically meaningful transmitted NRTI resistance.
Transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in a large international cohort using next-generation sequencing: results from the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) study.
Abstract: Using the 2% detection threshold, individual DRMs with the highest prevalence were: PI M46IL (5.5%), RT K103NS (3.5%), RT G190ASE (3.1%), T215ISCDVEN (2.5%), RT M41L (2.2%), RT K219QENR (1.7%) and PI D30N (1.6%).
Pretreatment HIV drug resistance spread within transmission clusters in Mexico City.
PMID: 31819984
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: Other frequently shared DRMs included: reverse transcriptase (RT) Y188L (11/175), RT T215S/C (24/175) and protease M46I (19/175), mostly at >=20% within-host frequency; and RT D67N/G/E (56/175) and RT P225H (16/175) as low-frequency variants.
Trend of HIV-1 drug resistance in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data accumulated over 17 years (2001-2017).
Discussion: Similarly, another free NRTI drug AZT, which was often used in the first-line ART regimens, also faced an increased resistance by high percentage of mutation T215D/S/C among both ART-treated and ART-naive individuals.
Persistence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Proviral Deoxyribonucleic Acid After Virologic Failure of Efavirenz-Containing Antiretroviral Regimens.
PMID: 30863788
2019
Open forum infectious diseases
Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance in a Large US Clinic Population.
Method: A subset of the NRTI-associated SDRMs were classified as thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) including M41L, D67N/G, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, K219Q/E/R/N, and the T215 revertants T215C/D/E/I/S/V (which evolve from T215F/Y in the absence of selective drug pressure).
Prevalence and persistence of transmitted drug resistance mutations in the German HIV-1 Seroconverter Study Cohort.
Result: A Kaplan-Meier analysis could be performed for 18 TDRMs (K20T, L23I, K43T, M46I/L/V, I54V, M41L, L74I, M184V, L210W, K219R, T2
Discussion: In our study cohort, the NRTI mutations M41L, L210W, T215C/D/S and K219R, which also occurred in high frequencies among the transmitted NRTI mutations, had calculated mean survival times of between 2.9 and 6.4 years.
[Postmortem Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Strains Isolated in Turkey].
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
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