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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Human tetherin exerts strong selection pressure on the HIV-1 group N Vpu protein.
 PMID: 23308067       2012       PLoS pathogens
Result: Mutation of the serine phosphorylation sites (S52A/S56A) as well as a G53D substitution found in several N-Vpus disrupted this interaction of NL4-3 and YBF30 Vpus.


  Vpu serine 52 dependent counteraction of tetherin is required for HIV-1 replication in macrophages, but not in ex vivo human lymphoid tissue.
 PMID: 20078884       2010       Retrovirology
Abstract: As a consequence, the S52A Vpu mutant virus was unable to replicate in macrophages, which express high levels of this restriction factor.
Result: This result was in line with our hypothesis that Vpu S52A can overcome relatively low levels of tetherin expression, because our P4-CCR5 cells expressed tetherin in a range comparably to unstimulated PBMCs (Additional file 2).
Result: Thus, Vpu S52A down-modulates tetherin from HIV-1 infected T-cells, albeit with lower efficiency tha



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