The frequency of defective genes in vif and vpr genes in 20 hemophiliacs is associated with Korean Red Ginseng and highly active antiretroviral therapy: the impact of lethal mutations in vif and vpr genes on HIV-1 evolution.
Result: Notably, other Vpr mutants, including Q65R, R77Q and R80A, showed similar activity with Vpr-Wt (Additional file 1: Figure S1c
Figure: For this experiment, we newly established cell lines (HT1080vRxt-Vpr), in which expression of Vpr-Wt (lanes 3 and 4), Vpr-Q65R (lanes 5 and 6), Vpr-R77Q (lanes 7 and 8), Vpr-R80A (lanes 9 and 10) and Vpr-Ct4RA (lanes 11 and 12) can be controlled by the tetracycline promoter, and ubiquitination of H2B on K120 was examined after Dox treatment (5 mug/ml, 2 days).
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr polymorphisms associated with progressor and nonprogressor individuals alter Vpr-associated functions.
PMID: 24300552
2014
The Journal of general virology
Abstract: Most notably, the polymorphism of Vpr at R36W and L68M associated with RP shows higher levels of oligomerization, and increased virus replication, whereas R77Q exhibits poor replication kinetics.
R77Q and Q3R HIV1-VPR mutations in an otherwise asymptomatic 5-year-old child with repeated ear infections.
Discussion: An initial study by demonstrated the presence of a point mutation at position 77 of HIV-1 Vpr that
Discussion: This was confirmed by, while others were not able to find any association between the R77Q substitution and disease progression.
Discussion: With the case reported here, more clinical evidence of this association is added, as we have described a Vpr R77Q substitution in a mildly symptomatic/asymptomatic HIV-infected child, where all the major HIV-related diseases were absent.
Discussion: showed that both the R77Q and Q3R mutants induced G2 arrest but with a lower level of apoptosis when compared with wild-type Vpr.
PP2A1 binding, cell transducing and apoptotic properties of Vpr(77-92): a new functional domain of HIV-1 Vpr proteins.
Discussion: However this is a controversial observation, more recently challenged by studies reporting that the mutation R77Q can't be associated to reduce HIV-1 infectivity.
Discussion: It was previously published that the mutation R77Q of HIV-1 Vpr frequently occurs in HIV-1 infected Long Term Non Progressor (LTNP) patients.
The immunosuppressive properties of the HIV Vpr protein are linked to a single highly conserved residue, R90.
Result: At least two reports link the R77Q substitution in Vpr with long-term non-progression (LTNP) of HIV-infected patients.
Result: In addition continuous suppression of IL-12 in the DC electroporated with the AXXLL and R77Q Vpr RNA indirectly suggests lack of those mutations on the expression of Vpr in DC.
Discussion: Additionally, the R77Q mutation of Vpr is thought to be associated with long-term control of HIV infection.
Discussion: If preservation of IL-12 expression is associated with the LTNP phenotype, R77Q was a good candidate for testing in the IL-12 secretion assay.
R77Q and Q3R HIV1-VPR mutations in an otherwise asymptomatic 5-year-old child with repeated ear infections.
Abstract: In contradiction with published results, the R77Q substitution, found in LTNP alleles, did not influence Vpr proapoptotic activity.
Introduction: Nevertheless, an initial study has reported that a single substitution at the position Arg77 of HIV-1 Vpr (Arg77Gln) was found in a higher frequency in vpr alleles from long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) than in patients with AIDS.
Introduction: confirmed this observation, several other groups did not find any association of the R77Q substitution with the prognosis of disease progression.
Result: Furthermore, a similar phenotype was observed when the R77Q substitution was introduced in VprLai.
Figure: The PMID: 18808682
2008
Retrovirology
Result: Among the eight mutant
Result: The Q3R and R77Q mutants were shown to be impaired in their proapoptotic activity and to be associated with long-term non-progressive HIV-1 infection while the R90K mutant failed to cause the G2/M cell arrest.
Figure: Mutated amino acids Q3R, L23A, DeltaQ44, W54G, I60A, L67A, R77Q and R90K are represented in CPK mode.
Discussion: The apoptotic activity of the Q3R and R77Q Vpr mutants are in variance with published reports but could be explained by a possible eGFP-mediated gain of function.
R77Q and Q3R HIV1-VPR mutations in an otherwise asymptomatic 5-year-old child with repeated ear infections.
Abstract: R77Q does not seem to be linked to a particular viral strain but might be associated to immunologic selection.
Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis of the association of R77Q mutation in the Vpr gene with delayed progression of HIV-1 disease.
Abstract: Comparing groups of patients with progressive disease (Pr + MEP) and groups with non-progressive disease (LTNP + STP) the probability of harbouring the R77Q mutation was significantly higher in non-progressors (odds ratio, 5.16; P = 0.001).
Abstract: RESULTS: A significantly higher prevalence of the R77Q mutation was evidenced both in LTNP (86.7%) and STP (73.9%) in comparison with Pr (42.1%) and MEP (42.1%), (P = 0.007).
ViMRT
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Journal of ginseng research
