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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Clinical and genotypic findings in HIV-infected patients with the K65R mutation failing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria.
 PMID: 19644383       2009       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Discussion: Deletions have been shown to occur most commonly in association with the Q151M complex.
Discussion: Prior studies with HIV-1 subtype B have demonstrated a strong association between K65R and Q151M.
Discussion: Recently the rare association between TAMS and K65R was confirmed in vivo; furthermore when K65R was present with TAMS it was only found on the same genome with T215F/Y and >=2 other TAMS in the presence of Q151M.


  Predictors of virologic failure and genotypic resistance mutation patterns in thai children receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy.
 PMID: 19654564       2009       The Pediatric infectious disease journal
Abstract: The NRTI mutations were M184V/I (84%), K65R (11%), Q151M (5%), and >or=3 TAMs (3%).


  Thymidine analogue resistance suppression by V75I of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: effects of substituting valine 75 on stavudine excision and discrimination.
 PMID: 19801659       2009       The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: V75I is an accessory mutation of the Q151M multidrug resistance complex of HIV-1 RT and is rarely associated with thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs).


  Structural basis for the role of the K65R mutation in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase polymerization, excision antagonism, and tenofovir resistance.
 PMID: 19812032       2009       The Journal of biological chemistry
Introduction: Q151M causes NRTI multidrug resistance that is often accompanied by several secondary mutations and termed the Q151M complex.
Discussion: K65R is surrounded by other residues associated with NRTI resistance and is commonly associated with M184V or Q151M but is negatively associated with others, such as L74V or most TAMs.


  Genotypic HIV type-1 drug resistance among patients with immunological failure to first-line antiretroviral therapy in south India.
 PMID: 19918105       2009       Antiviral therapy
Result: Overall, 26% of patients in group A and 51%in group B had developed high-level NRTI cross-resistance in terms of coselecting TAMs, K65R and Q151M (Table 2).
Discussion: Unlike the previous reports, Q151M and its accessory mutations were observed among patients exposed to d4T rather than AZT/didanosine (ddI), which could be a result of bias in the number of patients on failing AZT/ddI-containing regimen.


  Treatment outcomes and plasma level of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir monotherapy among HIV-infected patients who had NRTI and NNRTI failure.
 PMID: 20030841       2009       AIDS research and therapy
Result: Q151M and L74V were found in 7 (18%) and 2 (5%), respectively.
Table: Q151M


  The K65R mutation in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: genetic barriers, resistance profile and clinical implications.
 PMID: 20190870       2009       HIV therapy
Introduction: In addition, AZT and d4T may also select for the more rarely observed Q151M nucleoside analog mutational (NAM) pathway (Q151M, A62V, V75I, F77L and F116Y), which confers broad-spectra NRTI resistance.
Introduction: In addition, three single point mutations, K65R, Q151M and M184V, can confer high-level cross-class resistance to all commercially available NRTIs for HIV-2 infections.
Introduction: Single-genome sequence analysis demonstrates a negative association of K65R with TAMs (


  Mechanisms of resistance to nucleoside analogue inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
 PMID: 18272247       2008       Virus research
Abstract: Q151M, M184V, etc.), or (ii) increasing the RT's phosphorolytic activity (e.g.


  Chemical system biology based molecular interactions to identify inhibitors against Q151M mutant of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
 PMID: 18277921       2008       The Pediatric infectious disease journal
Abstract: We report the first case of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains harboring multiple mutations including the Q151M multinucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutation.


  Transmitted drug resistance, selection of resistance mutations and moderate antiretroviral efficacy in HIV-2: analysis of the HIV-2 Belgium and Luxembourg database.
 PMID: 18304321       2008       BMC infectious diseases
Abstract: Within RT, they were M184V, Q151M, V111I and K65R.



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