The public health approach to identify antiretroviral therapy failure: high-level nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance among Malawians failing first-line antiretroviral therapy.
Method: Factors associated with the emergence of K65R and K70E, pan-nucleoside resistance mutations (69 insertion, Q151M complex with K65R and K70E), and the presence of three or more TAM mutations were evaluated using logistic regression.
Method: Virus with 69 insertion or Q151M complex with K65R or
Table: Q151M
Discussion: The use of d4T in subtype C virus does not follow predictable patterns in the emergence of mutations and appears to be promiscuous in its ability to select for K65R and K70E (associated with TDF resistance), multiple TAM pathways, Q151M, and T69 insertions.
Presence of a multidrug-resistance mutation in an HIV-2 variant infecting a treatment-naive individual in Caio, Guinea Bissau.
Abstract: A 66-year-old woman from rural Guinea Bissau who had no obvious antiretroviral exposure was found to harbor a variant with the multidrug-resistance mutation Q151M.
Effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy and development of drug resistance in HIV-1 infected patients in Mombasa, Kenya.
Abstract: The 3TC mutation M184V and the NNRTI mutation K103N were most frequent but also the multi-drug resistance Q151M and the broad NRTI cross-resistance K65R were observed.
Result: In one patient the multi-drug resistant Q151M mutation was seen and two patients carried virus with a K65R mutation, all three combined with V184M (Table S2; Additional File 2).
Discussion: The high percentage (62.5%) of patients with a combination of M184V mutations and at least one NNRTI resistance associated mutation, as well as the selection of the broad NRTI cross-res
Clinical and genotypic findings in HIV-infected patients with the K65R mutation failing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria.
PMID: 19644383
2009
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Discussion: Deletions have been shown to occur most commonly in association with the Q151M complex.
Discussion: The Q151M complex, a set of mutations known to confer multi-NRTI resistance, occurred exclusively among patients in this group.
Discussion: They included the Q151M complex, the T69 deletion, K219R and S68G mutations.
Discussion: This may explain why it was seen more frequently among patients on non-TDF ART; those in whom the Q151M complex mutation also predominated.
Discussion: To support these observations, in 23/24 patients in our cohort on TDF-containing ART,
Discussion: and may be one of the steps in the mutational pathway towards Q151M mutation.
Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
PMID: 19644383
2009
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: The Q151M
Result: Among the 13 patients on non-TDF ART, the following NRTI mutations were observed in association with the K65R mutation: Q151M, F77L, F116Y, V75I, M184V, K219R, T69del and S68G.
Result: The following mutations were observed in significantly more patients with K65R: S68G, A62V, Y115F, Q151M complex, T69del and K219R [all p<0.01].
Predictors of virologic failure and genotypic resistance mutation patterns in thai children receiving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 19654564
2009
The Pediatric infectious disease journal
Abstract: The NRTI mutations were M184V/I (84%), K65R (11%), Q151M (5%), and >or=3 TAMs (3%).
Thymidine analogue resistance suppression by V75I of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: effects of substituting valine 75 on stavudine excision and discrimination.
PMID: 19801659
2009
The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: V75I is an accessory mutation of the Q151M multidrug resistance complex of HIV-1 RT and is rarely associated with thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs).
Prevalence of M184V and K65R in proviral DNA from PBMCs in HIV-infected youths with lamivudine/emtricitabine exposure.
PMID: 19812032
2009
The Journal of biological chemistry
Discussion: K65R is surrounded by other residues associated with NRTI resistance and is commonly associated with M184V or Q151M but is negatively associated with others, such as L74V or most TAMs.
Structural basis for the role of the K65R mutation in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase polymerization, excision antagonism, and tenofovir resistance.
PMID: 19812032
2009
The Journal of biological chemistry
Introduction: Q151M causes NRTI multidrug resistance that is often accompanied by several secondary mutations and termed the Q151M complex.
Genotypic HIV type-1 drug resistance among patients with immunological failure to first-line antiretroviral therapy in south India.
Result: Overall, 26% of patients in group A and 51%in group B had developed high-level NRTI cross-resistance in terms of coselecting TAMs, K65R and Q151M (Table 2).
Discussion: Unlike the previous reports, Q151M and its accessory mutations were observed among patients exposed to d4T rather than AZT/didanosine (ddI), which could be a result of bias in the number of patients on failing AZT/ddI-containing regimen.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2009
AIDS (London, England)
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