Abstract: The most common NRTI mutations were M184V (80%), L74V (31%), L74I (17%), K219E (9%), and M184I (9%), NNRTI mutations were K103N (83%), P225H (14%), L100I (11%), and Y188L (11%), reflecting generally the similar pattern of DRMs to that seen in treatment failed subtype B viruses.
Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of 1-[(2-Phenoxyethyl)oxymethyl] and 6-(3,5-Dimethoxybenzyl) Analogues of HIV Drugs Emivirine and TNK-651.
Abstract: The newly synthesized non-nucleosides were tested for antiviral activity against wild type HIV-1 IIIB as well as the resistant strains N119 (Y181C), A17 (K103N+Y181C), and the triple mutant EFV(R) (K103R+V179D+P225H) in MT-4 cells.
HIV-1 Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations in Treatment Naive and Experienced Panamanian Subjects: Impact on National Use of EFV-Based Schemes.
Abstract: The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations K103N and P225H were more prevalent in both ARV drug-naive and ARV drug-experienced subjects.
Result: For NNRTIs, the most common ADR-CRM and SDRM were K103N (69.0% and 4.0%, respectively) and P225H (27.2% and 2.0%, respectively) (Fig 1B).
Result: The frequency and patterns of mutations differed slightly among individuals under first-line ART schemes; however, in all cases higher percentages of M184VI, K103N and P225H were observed (Fig 3A, 3B and 3C).
Discussion: Mutations K103N and PMID: 27124362
2016
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Result: HIV-1 variants G190A, P236L, and L100I/K103N were susceptible to DOR (<2 nM), however the G190S mutant showed a modest reduction in susceptibility (4.6 +- 1.2 nM) while the M230L mutant and the K103N/P225H double mutant had substantial decreases in their respective susceptibilities (51.1 +- 6.5 nM and 25.3 +- 4.5 nM, respectively).
Result: We chose NNRTI resistant mutants that are known to contribute to virological failure in HIV-infected individuals or mutants that were selected in cell culture: G190A, G190S, M230L
Surveillance of HIV Transmitted Drug Resistance in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Result: This observation may be explained by a trend of increasing frequency of K103N (p = 0.0558) and the appearance of viruses with the Y181C, G190A, and P225H mutations in the 2006-2015 period at low frequency (Fig 6).
Evolutionary Dynamics and Complicated Genetic Transmission Network Patterns of HIV-1 CRF01_AE among MSM in Shanghai, China.
Result: Only 2 networks for M46L, 6 networks for T69N, and 1 network for P225H were found in lineage 1C and 1B, lineage 1D, 1B, 1 A, small lineage, lineage1D, and lineage 1D, respectively.
Result: Overall, four main network-related drug resistant mutations (some were non-tansmitted drug resistance mutations) were discovered at V179D/E (n = 53), M46L (n = 15), T69N (n = 8), and P225H (n = 2).
High prevalence of the K65R mutation in HIV-1 subtype C infected patients failing tenofovir-based first-line regimens in South Africa.
Result: The frequency of the P225H mutation was significantly higher in the patients taking EFV (16 of 92, 17.4%) compared to the NVP treatment group (3 of 68, 4.4%, aRR 4.68 95% CI 1.43-15.37.
Table: P225H
Geographic and temporal trends in the molecular epidemiology and genetic mechanisms of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance: an individual-patient- and sequence-level meta-analysis.
Result: P225H accounted for a higher proportion of NNRTI SDRMs in CRF02_AG viruses compared with pooled viruses belonging to the remaining subtypes (14% versus 3%; nine of 65 versus 48 of 1,681; p < 0.001).
Epidemiological Surveillance of HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Spain in 2004-2012: Relevance of Transmission Clusters in the Propagation of Resistance Mutations.
Result: Two TDR mutations, M46I (2) and I50V (1) were found in the protease region, and the other eight TDR mutations, K65E(1), D67N(1), T69N(1), K103N(1), Y181C(2), G190E(1), L210W(1), and P225H(1) were from the reverse transcriptase fragment.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2016
Journal of medical virology
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