literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Minority variants associated with transmitted and acquired HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance: implications for the use of second-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

PMID: 19734799 2009 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Result: Five samples had one or more NRTI or NNRTI-resistance mutation including 30062 which had four NRTI-resistance mutations: M184V+L210W+T215Y+219Q and 8048 had one NRTI-resistance mutation K65R and one NNRTI-resistance mutation P225H.

Result: In addition to K103N, the RT sequence from one patient had the accessory NNRTI-resistance mutation P225H.

Result: Ten of the 12 samples had a total of 14 non-etravirine resistance mutations including V108I<

Viremia, resuppression, and time to resistance in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) subtype C during first-line antiretroviral therapy in South Africa.

PMID: 19911963 2009 Clinical infectious diseases

Result: Of the patients achieving resuppression despite detectable resistance, all had NNRTI resistance mutations: K103N (8), V106M (5), P225H (1), or G190A (1).

Table: P225H

[Genetic characteristics of HIV-1 primary drug resistance-associated mutations in treatment-naive individuals in Liaoning province, 2004-2008].

PMID: 20137514 2009 Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]

Abstract: The most frequent substitutions (4/13) in the RT region at positions P225H, K238S, V179D, K238T and a major position I54S in PR implied to a multiple drug-resistance.

Impact of residues in the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor binding pocket on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase heterodimer stability.

PMID: 18336260 2008 Current HIV research

Abstract: We found that the mutations K101A, P225H, Y318F and Y318W decreased RT heterodimer stability whereas K103N, V108I, V108W, Y181C, Y188L, G190A, G190E, G190W and P225W increased RT heterodimer stability.

Silent mutations are selected in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and affect enzymatic efficiency.

PMID: 19005273 2008 AIDS (London, England)

Method: The mutations we examined, by drug category were: lamivudine (184I/V); any other nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (41L, 62V, 65R, 67N, 69D or insertion, 70R, 74V, 75I, 151M, 210W, 215F/Y or 219E/Q); any non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (100I, 103N, 106A/M, 108I, 181C/I, 188C/H/L, 190A/S, P225H, M230L or 236L); and any protease-inhibitors (30N, 33F, 46I/L, 48V, 50L/V, 54V/L/M, 82A/F/S/T, 84V, or 90M).

HIV-1 subtype B protease and reverse transcriptase amino acid covariation.

PMID: 17500586 2007 PLoS computational biology

Method: NNRTI-selected mutations included A98G, L100I, K101E/P/N/H, K103N/S, V106A/M, V108I, V179D/E, Y181C/I/V, Y188L/C/H, G190A/S/E/Q, P225H, F227L, M230L, P236L, and K238T.

The calculated genetic barrier for antiretroviral drug resistance substitutions is largely similar for different HIV-1 subtypes.

PMID: 16540937 2006 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Abstract: An increased genetic barrier was calculated for I82A (subtypes C and G), V108I (subtype G), V118I (subtype G), Q151M (subtypes D and F), L210W (subtypes C, F, G, and CRF02_AG), and P225H (subtype A) (P < 0.001 compared with subtype B).

Interaction kinetic characterization of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase non-nucleoside inhibitor resistance.

PMID: 16610781 2006 Journal of medicinal chemistry

Abstract: The Y181C, V108I, and P225H substitutions affected primarily the association and dissociation rate constants, while the K103N and the L100I substitutions also influenced the equilibrium between the two forms of the free enzyme.

Update on primary HIV-1 resistance in Argentina: emergence of mutations conferring high-level resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in drug-naive patients.

PMID: 16773027 2006 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Abstract: On reverse transcriptase, major resistance-related mutations were found in 4 of 52 (7.7%) patients from different health centers: M41L (subtype B) and K103N+/-P225H (1 RecBF and 2 subtype B).

Relative replication fitness of efavirenz-resistant mutants of HIV-1: correlation with frequency during clinical therapy and evidence of compensation for the reduced fitness of K103N + L100I by the nucleoside resistance mutation L74V.

PMID: 16797050 2006 Virology

Abstract: K103N + L100I had a greater reduction in fitness and was less fit than K103N + V108I and K103N + P225H.

Abstract: K103N, L100I, and P225H were minimally, but consistently, less fit than wild type.

Abstract: L100I, V108I, or P225H can emerge after K103N and increase its level of efavirenz resistance.

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