Result: The most prevalent PI DRMs were M46I (3/120; 2.5%) and L10F (2/120; 1.7%) in Armenia and N88D (2/96; 2.1%) in Azerbaijan.
Table: N88D
Discussion: The most frequent PI DRMs included M46I and L90M, which are associated with DR to nelfinavir, which was not considered for PDR estimation and has not been used since 2013; additionally, N88D and L10F only minimally reduce susceptibility to drugs.
Phylogenetic and Drug-Resistance Analysis of HIV-1 Sequences From an Extensive Paediatric HIV-1 Outbreak in Larkana, Pakistan.
Result: Similarly, DRM PI:N88D, associated with resistance against protease inhibitors (PI), such as atazanavir/ritonavir, and tipranavir/ritonavir was observed in two treatment-experienced participants, while DRMs PI:M46L, PI:D30N, PI:N83D, PI:K43T, PI:G73S, PI:L33F were seen in one treatment-experienced individual each (Table 3).
Table: N88D
HIV Drug Resistance Mutations Detection by Next-Generation Sequencing during Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption in China.
Discussion: N88D and Q58E are PI accessary resistance mutations.|m
Discussion: Compared with the baseline, the HIVDR mutations, such as N88D, K65R, M184VI, K103N, E138AG, V179D and P225H, still existed but the frequency gradually decreased, consistent with earlier studies.
Discussion: Four DRMs including D30N (1), M46I (2) and N88D (1) were detected in protease in four participants at a 5%-15% frequency, in addition to one Q58E at a frequency above 90%.
Multiple Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Inhibitor GRL-02031 Complex with Wild Type and Mutant HIV-1 Protease Reveal the Binding and Drug-Resistance Mechanism.
Abstract: On the basis of detail analysis of the simulations, we revealed key characteristics that constitute the drug resistance of four mutation HIV-1 proteases toward GRL-02031: substitution of the side chain in these four mutation residues leads to a change in the distances between the flaps and catalytic sites, thereby reducing the affinity for GRL-02031 with these four mutation proteases, even though the L76V and N88D residues cannot directly contact GRL-02031.
Abstract: To elucidate the binding mechanism of HIV-1 protease with promising inhibitor GRL-02031 and further to probe the resistance mechanism associated with mutations (I47V, L76V, V82A, and N88D) to the inhibitor, we
Pretreatment resistance mutations and treatment outcomes in adults living with HIV-1: a cohort study in urban Malawi.
Result: Minor PI mutations detected among the isolates include; L10I/V [7/28 (25.0%)], K20I [28/28 (100%)], L33F [1/28 (3.6%)] and
Table: N88D
Discussion: In line with this, the only isolate with V82L mutation in this study, NG_IM.12_07, also harbours N88D mutation in addition to L10I and K20I mutations.
Discussion: The only isolate with intermediate-level resistance to these drugs had V82L major PI resistance mutation as well as L10I and N88D minor PI resistance mutations.
Trend of HIV-1 drug resistance in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data accumulated over 17 years (2001-2017).
Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance in a Large US Clinic Population.
Result: Of the 203 PI-associated SDRMs, the most common were L90M (33.5%), M46I/L (19.7%), I54V (10.8%), V82A/L/T (10.4%), and D30N plus N88D (9.8%).
Development of the R263K Mutation to Dolutegravir in an HIV-1 Subtype D Virus Harboring 3 Class-Drug Resistance.
PMID: 30648124
2019
Open forum infectious diseases
Conclusion: At that time, resistance testing showed NRTI (M184V, T69D, T215S, D67N, K219Q), NNRTI (Y181C, Y188L, H221Y) and PI (L10I, D30N, K20T, L33F, K43T, N88D) resistance, with PI resistance to nelfinavir.
Table: N88D
Drug Resistance Mutation L76V Alters Nonpolar Interactions at the Flap-Core Interface of HIV-1 Protease.
Discussion: Mutation L76V is not unusual in this respect; mutations L90M and N88D/S also have no direct interactions with inhibitors, yet are strongly associated with resistance to one or more clinical inhibitors.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
PloS one
Browser Board
Co-occurred Entities
Filtrator
ViMRT