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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Development of the R263K Mutation to Dolutegravir in an HIV-1 Subtype D Virus Harboring 3 Class-Drug Resistance.
 PMID: 30648124       2019       Open forum infectious diseases
Introduction: DTG appears to have a high genetic barrier to resistance, unlike the other drugs within the INSTI class, raltegravir and elvitegravir, which select for major resistance mutations such as N155H, Y143H/R/C, G140A/S, and Q148H/R/K.


  Clinical experience with integrase inhibitors in HIV-2-infected individuals in Spain.
 PMID: 30753573       2019       The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: INSTI resistance changes were recognized in 12 patients: N155H (5), Q148H/R (3), Y143C/G (3) and R263K (1).


  Switching to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide maintained HIV-1 RNA suppression in participants with archived antiretroviral resistance including M184V/I.
 PMID: 31430369       2019       The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Method: P
Discussion: Additionally, any potential benefit of decreased viral fitness by M184V/I on the efficacy of dolutegravir/lamivudine may not outweigh the risk of virological failure with INSTI-R development, as it is possible for M184V and INSTI-R to co-develop while failing a dolutegravir/lamivudine regimen.In vitro studies further suggest that viral fitness defects can be overcome by drug resistance in the presence of antiretroviral drugs: HIV-1 with M184V and INSTI-R (E92Q, Q148R or N155H) grows more efficiently than WT HIV-1 in the presence of emtricitabine and the INSTI elvitegravir at physiological concentrations.


  Raltegravir-Induced Adaptations of the HIV-1 Integrase: Analysis of Structure, Variability, and Mutation Co-occurrence.
 PMID: 31551948       2019       Frontiers in microbiology
Abstract: The co-occurrence network revealed that the major resistance pathways N155H and Q148HR share more mutations with each other than with the Y143R pathway, this observation corroborates the fact that the N155H pathway is most commonly converted into Q148HRK than into Y143RCH pathway in patients' isolates.
Result: Curiously, four isolates showed mutations related to more than one of the three main resistance pathways: two from Italy, one with both N155H and Y143R and another with Q148H and Y143H; one from Canada with N155H and Y143C; an


  Resistance to HIV integrase strand transfer inhibitors in Argentina: first interim survey.
 PMID: 31037930       2019       Revista espanola de quimioterapia
Abstract: Predominant major mutations were N155H (35.1%), Q148H/R (15.8%) and G140A/S (14%).
Abstract: The three main mutational pathways were described, with a predominance of N155H.
Introduction: Different pathways against first-generation InSTIs were identified whose primary mutations include the substitutions N155H, Q148K/R/H, and Y143R/C.


  HIV-1 Resistance Dynamics in Patients With Virologic Failure to Dolutegravir Maintenance Monotherapy.
 PMID: 29617822       2018       The Journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: INSTI-RAMs (S230R, R263K, N155H, and E92Q+N155H) were detected in 4 patients, no INSTI-RAMs were detected in 4 patients, and sequencing of the integrase gene was unsuccessful in 2 patients.


  Dolutegravir-based maintenance monotherapy versus dual therapy with lamivudine: a planned 24 week analysis of the DOLAM randomized clinical trial.
 PMID: 29608685       2018       The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Three patients (none previously exposed to integrase inhibitors) prematurely discontinued treatment due to viral failure: dolutegravir/lamivudine (n = 1), no resistance mutations (subject A); dolutegravir (n = 2), N155H, S147G and Q148R resistance mutations (subject B), and E138K, G140S and N155H resistance mutations (subject C).


  Pathway involving the N155H mutation in HIV-1 integrase leads to dolutegravir resistance.
 PMID: 29373677       2018       The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Failure of dolutegravir treatment was observed concomitant with the appearance of N155H-K211R-E212T mutations in the integrase (IN) gene in addition to the polymorphic K156N mutation that was present at baseline in this patient.
Abstract: Interestingly, the association of only N155H and K156N is sufficient for significant resistance to dolutegravir.
Abstract: Methods: The impact of N155H-K156N-K211R-E212T mutations was studied in cell-free, culture-based assays and by molecular modelling.


  Impact of the HIV-1 genetic background and HIV-1 population size on the evolution of raltegravir resistance.
 PMID: 29304821       2018       Retrovirology
Result: 1a) but a third resistant variant appeared, N155H which already comprised 13% of the population.
Result: 1a) the N155H variant replaced the Q148R variant and dominated the population together with the E138K + Q148K variant.
Result: 1c) and the viral population contained N155H mutants.


  Ex-vivo antiretroviral potency of newer integrase strand transfer inhibitors cabotegravir and bictegravir in HIV type 1 non-B subtypes.
 PMID: 29239896       2018       AIDS (London, England)
Method: For BIC, the presence of E138K/Q148R, G140S/Q148R or N155H/Q148R was interpreted as high level resistance.
Method: For CAB, the presence of E138A/Q148R, E138K/Q148K, E138K/Q148R, G140C/Q148R, G140S/Q148R, or Q148R/N155H was interpreted as high-level resistance.
Result: Five patients (21%) with multiple mutations (



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