literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Persistence of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance mutations.

PMID: 23904291 2013 The Journal of infectious diseases

Table: M46L

Increasing trends in primary NNRTI resistance among newly HIV-1-diagnosed individuals in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

PMID: 24093951 2013 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Method: Sequences were analyzed to identify mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to protease and RT inhibitors, as reported by the International AIDS Society-USA in 2010: RT-M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N, 69 insert, K70R, L74V,V75I, F77L, L100I, K101P, K103N, V106A, V106M, V108I, Y115F, F116Y,

Highly-sensitive allele-specific PCR testing identifies a greater prevalence of transmitted HIV drug resistance in Japan.

PMID: 24358257 2013 PloS one

Method: Fifty-five samples with protease M46I were obtained from 20 individuals and 22 samples with M46L were obtained from 12 individuals.

Method: For this study, new primers for the detection of M46I and M46L protease inhibitor mutations were constructed as described before.

Method: Furthermore, to compensate for the spectrum of polymorphisms present, mixtures of three uniquely designed forward primers were required to detect M46L.

Low rates of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance in a well-monitored cohort in South Africa on antiretroviral therapy.

PMID: 22293461 2012 Antiviral therapy

Result: Protease resistance was only observed in one subject accessing LPV/r; however the M46L mutation was present at enrollment.

Result: Of the five with resistance at enrollment, no NRTI resistance was observed, two had resistance to NNRTIs (K103N n=1; V106M, K103N n=1), two had protease resistance (M46I n=1, M46L n=1) and one had both protease and NNRTI resistance (M46V, K101E, G190A).

HIV-1 protease with 20 mutations exhibits extreme resistance to clinical inhibitors through coordinated structural rearrangements.

PMID: 22404139 2012 Biochemistry

Result: Similarly, the previously published HIV-1 protease single mutant complex of M46L/DRV was crystallized at pH 3.6 with no major conformational change relative to PR/DRV .

Low prevalence of transmitted drug resistance in patients newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in Sweden 2003-2010.

PMID: 22448246 2012 PloS one

Result: Two of the M41L viruses had additional mutations (T215N and M46LM, respectively).

Table: M46L

Transmitted drug resistance and phylogenetic relationships among acute and early HIV-1-infected individuals in New York City.

PMID: 22592583 2012 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Result: One clustered pair had M46L, another had T215D, and a third had K103N, D67N and K219Q.

[Study on HIV-1 drug resistance profile of 257 AIDS patients with failure on the first-line antiretroviral treatment in Henan].

PMID: 22613387 2012 Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi

Abstract: Two PIs mutations were detected in 257 patients: M46I/L, (1.17%) and V82F (0.39%).

HIV-1 drug resistant mutations in chronically infected treatment naive individuals in the pre-ARV era in Nigeria.

PMID: 23678638 2012 African journal of medicine and medical sciences

Abstract: Ten of the 64 (15.6%) samples with positive PCR had mutations for PR inhibitors (PI) including R8D, I 15V, G16E, M36I, M46L, L63P and H69K, while 5 of 63 harbored RT inhibitor (NRTI/NNRTI); V179I, A98T, V179E and A98S.

Influence of major HIV-1 protease inhibitor resistance mutations on CTL recognition.

PMID: 21107269 2011 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Abstract: In contrast, M46L and I47V showed good CTL recognition in nearly all patients.

Abstract: Recently, we identified KMIGGIGGF (KF9) as a HLA-B*1501-restricted CTL epitope, including several major PI resistance mutations (M46I/L, I47A/V, G48V, I50V).

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