Increasing proportions of HIV-1 non-B subtypes and of NNRTI resistance between 2013 and 2016 in Germany: Results from the national molecular surveillance of new HIV-diagnoses.
Result: PI-mutations M46I/L and V82L that are responsible for low or intermediate resistance levels to tipranavir, nelfinavir and fosamprenavir (Fig 3B) were also frequently present (Table 4) but without identifiable tendency during the study period (Fig 3A).
Table: M46I/L
Table: M46L
Characterization of minority HIV-1 drug resistant variants in the United Kingdom following the verification of a deep sequencing-based HIV-1 genotyping and tropism assay.
Result: Most of the minority mutations in viruses from both groups of naive patients were observed in the RT, e.g., M41L, E44D, A62V, K65R, D67N, D67G, V75I, L100I, K103N, K103R, V188I, M184I, L210W, K219Q, Y318F, etc., although a number of minority mutations associated with resistance to PI (L10F, V11I, M46I/
HIV-1 drug-resistant mutations and related risk factors among HIV-1-positive individuals experiencing treatment failure in Hebei Province, China.
Result: In PI coding regions, mutations T74S and M46L were found to cause low-level DR to NFV/r, achieving a resistance rate of 1.8% (4/214).
Result: Mutations T74S and M46L in the PI coding region were found in CRF01_AE.
Result: Two participants harboring M46L and one with M46 V showed low-level resistance to nelfinavir plus ritonavir (NFV/r).
Discussion: Moreover, our study also revealed significant differences in the distributions of M184V/I and M41L mutations among three main genotypes, with M46L/V and T74S only found in CRF01_AE.
Recent trends and patterns in HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance in the United Kingdom.
Result: The most frequently detected mutations were T215 revertants (not F/Y) (268; 1.6%) and other TAMs [M41L (141; 0.9%) and K219Q/N (104; 0.6%)] conferring resistance to the NRTI drug class; K103N (354; 2.2%) and Y181C (66; 0.4%) conferring resistance to the NNRTI drug class, and L90M (111; 0.7%) and M46L (48; 0.3%) conferring resistance to the PI drug class.
Enhanced surveillance of HIV-1 drug resistance in recently infected MSM in the UK.
PMID: 27742812
2017
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: The most common mutations detected at >20% and 2%-20% mutation frequency differed for each drug class, these respectively being: L90M (n = 7) and M46IL (n = 10) for PIs; T215rev (n = 9) and D67GN (n = 4) for NRTIs; and K103N (n = 5) and G190E (n = 2) for NNRTIs.
Surveillance of Transmitted Drug Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Youths Aged 16 to 25 Years, a Decade After Scale-up of Antiretroviral Therapy in Hebei, China.
PMID: 27750023
2017
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: All TDR mutations (M46L/I, Y181C, K101E, and G190E) were found only in youths infected with HIV-1 through sexual activity.
Abstract: TDR mutations resided in CRF01_AE (M46I/L and G190E) and subtype B (Y181C and K101E).
Surveillance of HIV-1 pol transmitted drug resistance in acutely and recently infected antiretroviral drug-naive persons in rural western Kenya.
Abstract: Predominant TDR mutations in the reverse transcriptase included K103N/S (4.6%) and M184V (2.3%); only M46I/L (1.1%) occurred in the protease.
Result: The dominant TDRMs in the RT gene were K103N/S (n = 4, 4.6%) and M184V (n = 2, 2.3%), while in the PR gene only M46I/L (n = 1, 1.1%) occurred.
Week 48 resistance analysis of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF versus Atazanavir + Ritonavir + Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF in HIV-1 infected women (WAVES study GS-US-236-0128).
Result: Primary PI resistance substitutions were observed in 1.7% of participants, most commonly M46I/L and L33F in protease.
Result: Specifically, those participants with A62V, V90I, K103N, or E138A/G/K
Discussion: Outcome analyses were done for other resistance mutations seen at baseline, including the NNRTI-associated substitutions K103N and E138A/G/K/Q/R, and the PI-associated substitutions M46I/L and L33F, and similar results were observed.
Comparison between next-generation and Sanger-based sequencing for the detection of transmitted drug-resistance mutations among recently infected HIV-1 patients in Israel, 2000-2014.
PMID: 28799325
2017
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Result: M46I/L, potentially conferring low-level resistance to any PI, was the only mutation found in 5% (4/80) of the patients.
Result: Some of the low-frequency TDRMs identified are consistent with APOBEC-mediated G-to-A editing: the PI M46L/I and D30N, the NRTI D67N and the NNRTI G190E TDRM, as well as the E138K amino substitution, were all related to APOBEC.
Table: M46L
[Analysis on HIV-1 subtypes and transmission clusters in newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, 2016].
PMID: 29294588
2017
Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi
Abstract: Seven cases with surveillance drug resistant mutations (SDRM) were found, including 5 cases of M46L (3.3%), and one case of F77L or Y181C.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2018
PloS one
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