Result: Only half of the individuals had used PI (n = 46/82), only 17% of individuals presented DRMs associated with protease inhibitors (n = 14), and the most frequent mutations were V82A/L/M (6/82; 7.3%) and I54L/M/V (5/82; 6%), L90M (4/82; 4.8%), and M46L/I (4/82; 4.8%) (Figure 1).
Prevalence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance among treatment-naive individuals in China, 2000-2016.
Result: The PI-SDRMs with the lowest treatment/naive prevalence ratios were F53Y (5-fold), V82L (7-fold), M46L (9-fold), and I85V (14-fold).
Discussion: Four PI-SDRMs (M46L, F53Y, V82L, and I85V) had relatively low treated/naive prevalence ratios.
Discussion: The potential for M46I/L to occur at low levels in subtype A and CRF01_AE populations without previous PI exposure was recognized at the time the 2009 SDRM list was developed and in several subsequent analyses.
Acquired HIV-1 Protease Conformational Flexibility Associated with Lopinavir Failure May Shape the Outcome of Darunavir Therapy after Antiretroviral Therapy Switch.
Introduction: The major HIV-1 PI resistance mutations that affect the efficacy of boosted LPV regimen are V32I, L33F, M46I/L, I47V/A, I50V, I54V/T/A/L/M, L76V, V82A/F/T/S, I84V.
HIV Drug Resistance Mutations Detection by Next-Generation Sequencing during Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption in China.
Result: M46LI was the common low-frequency PI-related mutation, with frequencies ranging from 1% to 13%.
Result: Within a year, some minority DRMs at frequencies 1%-10% remained unchanged, including: PI-related D30N, M46LI, I54VT and N88D, NRTI-related K65R and NNRTI-related Y188CHL.
Transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in a large international cohort using next-generation sequencing: results from the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) study.
Abstract: Using the 2% detection threshold, individual DRMs with the highest prevalence were: PI M46IL (5.5%), RT K103NS (3.5%), RT G190ASE (3.1%), T215ISCDVEN (2.5%), RT M41L (2.2%), RT K219QENR (1.7%) and PI D30N (1.6%).
Discussion: study, a similar pattern was observed, with the M46IL and D30N detected predominately as minor variants while the majority of
Correlation of HIV-1 drug resistant mutations and virologic failure.
PMID: 34584606
2021
The Pan African medical journal
Introduction: These mutations included M184V, K65R,D67N,K70R,K219Q,Q151M, T215F, M41L, T69N, V75M, M41L, T69N, V75M, D67G, V75M, M184I, T215N, M41LM, T215N, K219N,210W, T215Y as NRTIs; K103N/S
Investigating potency of TMC-126 against wild-type and mutant variants of HIV-1 protease: a molecular dynamics and free energy study.
PMID: 34787532
2021
SAR and QSAR in environmental research
Abstract: The potency of the inhibitor decreases in the order: wild type PR1 > M46L > MDR20 > I50V > PR2 > V32I > A28S.
Molecular Network Analysis Reveals Transmission of HIV-1 Drug-Resistant Strains Among Newly Diagnosed HIV-1 Infections in a Moderately HIV Endemic City in China.
Result: In the CRF01_AE network, there were five clusters with TDR mutations including two with M46L (PI mutations, n = 6) and one each with A98G (NNRTI mutations, n = 4), E138A (NNRTI mutations, n = 3), and K103R/V179D (NNRTI mutations, n = 3).
Result: Of all clusters, 96.4% (53/55) of individuals with TDR mutation in these clusters were MSM and only two (in clusters with M46L and K103N) were infected through heterosexual transmission (HST) (Figure 4).
Result: Transmitted drug resistance mutations detected in more than 10 cases included PI [
Transmitted drug resistance and transmission clusters among HIV-1 treatment-naive patients in Guangdong, China: a cross-sectional study.
Result: M46L (0.17%, 4/2368) was the most prevalent mutation in the protease region.
Discussion: The most frequent PI-associated mutation in our study was M46L, whereas it is Q56E in southwest China, M46I in Iceland, and L90M in the south-central United States.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
BioMed research international
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