literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Emergence of drug resistance-associated mutations in HIV-1 subtype C protease gene in north India.

PMID: 23888308 2013 Virus genes

Abstract: In three (2.9%) DE patients, major DR-associated mutation at D30 N and M46I positions were detected.

Trends in Genotypic HIV-1 Antiretroviral Resistance between 2006 and 2012 in South African Patients Receiving First- and Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens.

PMID: 23840622 2013 PloS one

Method: The following protease mutations were considered LPV/r-resistance mutations: L10F, L24I, V32I, L33F, M46IL, I47A, I50V, I54MLV, L76V, V82ATSFMC, I84V, L89V, L90M.

Table: M46I/L

Table: M46I

Comparisons of Primary HIV-1 Drug Resistance between Recent and Chronic HIV-1 Infection within a Sub-Regional Cohort of Asian Patients.

PMID: 23826076 2013 PloS one

Result: Higher frequencies of K70R (p = 0.016) and M46I (p = 0.026) were present among patients with recent HIV-1 infection; there were no statistically significant differences in the frequencies of other RAMs.

Result: In patients with chronic HIV-1 infection, T215D/E/F/I/S/Y (0.8%), Y181C (0.5%), and M46I (0.4%) were the most common RAMs to the corresponding drug classes.

Result: In patients with recent HIV-1 infection, M184I/V and T215D/E/F/I/S/Y were the most common RAMs to NRTIs (1.1% each);

Crystallographic study of multi-drug resistant HIV-1 protease lopinavir complex: mechanism of drug recognition and resistance.

PMID: 23792096 2013 Biochemical and biophysical research communications

Introduction: Although drug resistance is relatively less likely to develop against LPV compared to other HIV-1 protease inhibitors, resistance mutations, including 32I, 47A, 46I, L33F, I54V, V82A, I84V, and L90M, or combinations among L76V, M46I, and V82A in the protease, and A431V in gag are responsible for reduced efficacy of LPV.

Description of HIV-1 group M molecular epidemiology and drug resistance prevalence in Equatorial Guinea from migrants in Spain.

PMID: 23717585 2013 PloS one

Abstract: Transmitted drug-resistance (TDR) rate among naive patients attended in Spain (n = 144) was 4.7%: 3.4% for PI (all with M46IL), 1.8% for NRTI (all with M184V) and 0.9% for NNRTI (Y188L).

Result: In 5 (3.4%) subjects, the mutations affected PR inhibitors (PI), with M46I/L substitution in all cases.

Table: M46I

Low frequency of genotypic resistance in HIV-1-infected patients failing an atazanavir-containing regimen: a clinical cohort study.

PMID: 23711895 2013 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

Abstract: The minor mutations most strongly associated with atazanavir experience were M36I, M46I, F53L, A71V, V82T and I85V (P < 0.05).

Discussion: They described eight mutations that had an adverse effect on viral load reduction at 3 months, but only two of these (M46I and I84V) coincided with those identified in our analysis.

Restriction fragment mass polymorphism (RFMP) analysis based on MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for detecting antiretroviral resistance in HIV-1 infected patients.

PMID: 23480551 2013 Clinical microbiology and infection

Abstract: The concordance rates between the RFMP and direct sequencing assays for the examined codons were 97% (K65R), 97% (T69Ins/D), 97% (L74VI), 97% (K103N), 96% (V106AM), 97% (Q151M), 97% (Y181C), 97% (M184VI) and 94% (T215YF) in the reverse transcriptase coding region, and 100% (D30N), 100% (M46I), 100% (G48V), 100% (I50V), 100% (I54LS), 99% (V82A), 99% (I84V) and 100% (L90M) in th

Transmission patterns of HIV-subtypes A/AE versus B: inferring risk-behavior trends and treatment-efficacy limitations from viral genotypic data obtained prior to and during antiretroviral therapy.

PMID: 23469241 2013 PloS one

Result: Two carried the protease mutation M46I; three had NRTI-related mutations; 11 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI); and one was resistant to NRTI and NNRTI.

Table: M46I/L

Figure: Major drug-resistance mutations in drug naive individuals: Red circles - K103N; Green triangle - M184V; orange rhombus - protease M46I.

"Description of the L76V resistance protease mutation in HIV-1 B and ""non-B"" subtypes."

PMID: 23349869 2013 PloS one

Method: In our study, samples with at least one of the major PI RAM of the IAS-USA list as follows: D30N, V32I, M46I/L, I47A/V, G48V, I50L/V, I54L/M, Q58E, T74P, L76V, V82A/F/L/T/S, N83D, I84V, N88S, L90M were considered as PI-resistant issued from PI-experienced patients.

Result: Again, the topology of the dendrogram showed the strong

Interaction of I50V mutant and I50L/A71V double mutant HIV-protease with inhibitor TMC114 (darunavir): molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy studies.

PMID: 22239286 2012 The journal of physical chemistry. B

Result: For example, L90M and V82F/I84V mutations open the flap a bit more in the mutant than the WT, whereas M46I mutation makes the flap more closed.

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