Result: At baseline, one or more primary PI RAMs were found in 10 patients (3%; nine treatment-naive, and one treatment-experienced), most commonly M46I/L (three treatment-naive and one treatment-experienced) and Q58E (four treatment-naive).
A significant reduction in the frequency of HIV-1 drug resistance in Quebec from 2001 to 2011 is associated with a decrease in the monitored viral load.
Result: The most common primary mutations associated with ARV resistance in TE individuals ( Figure 2 ) were NRTIs: M184I/V (51.1%) and thymidine analog mutations (TAM) from TAM1 pathway (41L/210W/215Y; 17%), representing 76.2% of all TAM pathways (data not shown); NNRTIs: K103N (24.9%); PIs: L90 M (21.1%), V82 (16.8%), M46I/L (18.2%).
Comparisons of Primary HIV-1 Drug Resistance between Recent and Chronic HIV-1 Infection within a Sub-Regional Cohort of Asian Patients.
Result: Higher frequencies of K70R (p = 0.016) and M46I (p = 0.026) were present among patients with recent HIV-1 infection; there were no statistically significant differences in the frequencies of other RAMs.
Result: In patients with chronic HIV-1 infection, T215D/E/F/I/S/Y (0.8%), Y181C (0.5%), and M46I (0.4%) were the most common RAMs to the corresponding drug classes.
Result: In patients with recent HIV-1 infection, M184I/V and T215D/E/F/I/S/Y were the most common RAMs to NRTIs (1.1% each);
"Description of the L76V resistance protease mutation in HIV-1 B and ""non-B"" subtypes."
Method: In our study, samples with at least one of the major PI RAM of the IAS-USA list as follows: D30N, V32I, M46I/L, I47A/V, G48V, I50L/V, I54L/M, Q58E, T74P, L76V, V82A/F/L/T/S, N83D, I84V, N88S, L90M were considered as PI-resistant issued from PI-experienced patients.
Result: Again, the topology of the dendrogram showed the strong
Crystallographic study of multi-drug resistant HIV-1 protease lopinavir complex: mechanism of drug recognition and resistance.
PMID: 23792096
2013
Biochemical and biophysical research communications
Introduction: Although drug resistance is relatively less likely to develop against LPV compared to other HIV-1 protease inhibitors, resistance mutations, including 32I, 47A, 46I, L33F, I54V, V82A, I84V, and L90M, or combinations among L76V, M46I, and V82A in the protease, and A431V in gag are responsible for reduced efficacy of LPV.
Description of HIV-1 group M molecular epidemiology and drug resistance prevalence in Equatorial Guinea from migrants in Spain.
Abstract: Transmitted drug-resistance (TDR) rate among naive patients attended in Spain (n = 144) was 4.7%: 3.4% for PI (all with M46IL), 1.8% for NRTI (all with M184V) and 0.9% for NNRTI (Y188L).
Result: In 5 (3.4%) subjects, the mutations affected PR inhibitors (PI), with M46I/L substitution in all cases.
Table: M46I
Discussion: The highest TDR rate was found for PI (3.4%), led by the presence of the substitution M46I/L in all cases.
Low frequency of genotypic resistance in HIV-1-infected patients failing an atazanavir-containing regimen: a clinical cohort study.
PMID: 23711895
2013
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: The minor mutations most strongly associated with atazanavir experience were M36I, M46I, F53L, A71V, V82T and I85V (P < 0.05).
Discussion: They described eight mutations that had an adverse effect on viral load reduction at 3 months, but only two of these (M46I and I84V) coincided with those identified in our analysis.
Restriction fragment mass polymorphism (RFMP) analysis based on MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for detecting antiretroviral resistance in HIV-1 infected patients.
PMID: 23480551
2013
Clinical microbiology and infection
Abstract: The concordance rates between the RFMP and direct sequencing assays for the examined codons were 97% (K65R), 97% (T69Ins/D), 97% (L74VI), 97% (K103N), 96% (V106AM), 97% (Q151M), 97% (Y181C), 97% (M184VI) and 94% (T215YF) in the reverse transcriptase coding region, and 100% (D30N), 100% (M46I), 100% (G48V), 100% (I50V), 100% (I54LS), 99% (V82A), 99% (I84V) and 100% (L90M) in th
Transmission patterns of HIV-subtypes A/AE versus B: inferring risk-behavior trends and treatment-efficacy limitations from viral genotypic data obtained prior to and during antiretroviral therapy.
Result: Two carried the protease mutation M46I; three had NRTI-related mutations; 11 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI); and one was resistant to NRTI and NNRTI.
Table: M46I/L
Figure: Major drug-resistance mutations in drug naive individuals: Red circles - K103N; Green triangle - M184V; orange rhombus - protease M46I.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2014
Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)
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