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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Resistance profiles observed in virological failures after 24 weeks of amprenavir/ritonavir containing regimen in protease inhibitor experienced patients.
 PMID: 15258963       2004       Journal of medical virology
Abstract: Among these patients, the selection of mutations previously described with the use of APV as first PI (V32I, L33F, M46I/L, I50V, 54M/L, and I84V) was observed.
Abstract: Several genotypic resistance pathways in protease gene have been described to be associated to unboosted APV failure (I50V, V32I + I47V, I54L/M, or less commonly I84V, which may be accompanied by one ore more accessory mutations such as L10F, L33F, M46I/L).


  Comparing the accumulation of active- and nonactive-site mutations in the HIV-1 protease.
 PMID: 15379553       2004       Biochemistry
Abstract: The M46I and I54V were just as effective at decreasing inhibitor binding as the I84V mutation when compared to V6 and LAI.
Abstract: The decrease in catalytic efficiency was partially recovered by the addition of mutations M46I and I54V.
Abstract: We have engineered a series of variants containing the nonactive-site mutations M46I and I54V and the active-site mutation I84V.


  A major role for a set of non-active site mutations in the development of HIV-1 protease drug resistance.
 PMID: 12534275       2003       Biochemistry
Abstract: This mutant protease contains 11 mutations, 10 of which are located outside the active site (L10I/M36I/S37D/M46I/R57K/L63P/A71V/G73S/L90M/I93L) and 1 within the active site (I84V).


  Drug resistance mutations and outcome of second-line treatment in patients with first-line protease inhibitor failure on nelfinavir-containing HAART.
 PMID: 12534958       2003       HIV medicine
Abstract: Ten patients had D30N (38%), five patients had L90M (19%), two patients had V82A/F (8%) and two patients had M46I/L (8%).


  Improving lopinavir genotype algorithm through phenotype correlations: novel mutation patterns and amprenavir cross-resistance.
 PMID: 12700444       2003       AIDS (London, England)
Abstract: Several previously defined LPV mutations were found to have a stronger than average effect (e.g., M46I/L, I54V/T, V82A/F), and new variants at known positions (e.g., I54A/M/S, V82S) were identified.


  HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease resistance mutations selected during 16-72 weeks of therapy in isolates from antiretroviral therapy-experienced patients receiving abacavir/efavirenz/amprenavir in the CNA2007 study.
 PMID: 12741623       2003       Antiviral therapy
Abstract: Mutations D30N, G48V, N88D/S, L90M and 154V were de-selected, and mutations I50V, I or V to 54M/L, I84V, M46I/L, L33F, I47V as well mutations at position 10 were observed in 20/49 (41%) isolates.


  HIV-1 phenotypic susceptibility to lopinavir (LPV) and genotypic analysis in LPV/r-naive subjects with prior protease inhibitor experience.
 PMID: 12869832       2003       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: Current PI therapy (P = 0.002) and indinavir administration (P < 0.001), >5 LPV/r mutations (P < 0.0012), and detection of L10FIRV, K20MR, M46IL, I54VL, A71VT, G73SA, V82AFTS, I84V, and M90L were associated with LPV resistance in univariate analysis.


  Characterization of resistant HIV variants generated by in vitro passage with lopinavir/ritonavir.
 PMID: 12927307       2003       Antiviral research
Abstract: Passages with fixed 5/1 and 15/1 concentration ratios of LPV/r initially selected I84V and I50V/M46I mutants, respectively.
Abstract: Selection with LPV alone also generated the same initial mutants (I50V/M46I) as the 15/1 LPV/r passage.


  High incidence of non-B and recombinant HIV-1 strains in newly diagnosed patients in Galicia, Spain: study of genotypic resistance.
 PMID: 14518705       2003       Antiviral therapy
Abstract: In one patient (1.2%) infected with a subtype G strain, resistance-associated mutations in PR (K20I+M36I+M46I+V82I) were detected.


  Novel enzyme-linked minisequence assay for genotypic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance.
 PMID: 14605126       2003       Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: ELMA is a combination of hybridization and a 1-base extension reaction, and we designed the assay to detect five mutations conferring nucleoside analogue resistance (M41L, D67N, K70R, T215Y, and M184V) and six mutations conferring protease inhibitor resistance (D30N, M46I, G48V, V82A, I84V, and L90M).



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