In vitro selection and characterization of VX-478 resistant HIV-1 variants.
PMID: 9561202
1998
Advances in experimental medicine and biology
Abstract: By direct PCR analysis of selected viruses, a number of mutations were identified (L10F, M46I, I47V, I50V and I84V) in the protease gene.
Abstract: For VX-478, significant increases in IC90 and Ki were observed for virus or protease, respectively, containing I50V single mutation or an M46I/I47V/I50V triple mutation.
In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants with increased resistance to ABT-378, a novel protease inhibitor.
Abstract: Selection of viral variants with increasing concentrations of ABT-378 revealed a sequential appearance of mutations in the protease gene: I84V-L10F-M46I-T91S-V32I-I47V.
Drug resistance during indinavir therapy is caused by mutations in the protease gene and in its Gag substrate cleavage sites.
Abstract: Similarly, rates of replication of viruses with mutations M46L/I, I54V, and V82A in protease were enhanced both in the presence and in the absence of Indinavir when combined with mutations in the gag p7/p1 and the gag p1/p6 cleavage sites.
Kinetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 protease-resistant variants.
PMID: 8663409
1996
The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: The triple mutant had a 2-fold higher processing efficiency than the I50V single mutant for peptide substrates with Phe/Pro and Tyr/Pro cleavage sites, suggesting that the M46I and I47V mutations are compensatory.
Abstract: These analyses support the virological observation that the addition of M46I and I47V mutations on the I50V mutant background enables increased survival of the HIV-1 virus as it replicates in the presence of VX-478.
Abstract: We have characterized recombinant HIV-1 proteases that contain these mutations either individually (L10F, M46I, I47V, I50V) or in combination (the double m
Antiviral and resistance studies of AG1343, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus protease.
PMID: 8834868
1996
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Consistent with these findings, reductions in susceptibility were observed for recombinant viruses constructed to contain the single I84V change or the double M46I+I84V substitutions.
Abstract: Molecular analysis of the protease from this variant indicated a double change from a Met to Ile at residue 46 and an Ile to Val or Ala at residue 84 (M46I+I84V, A).
Emergence of protease inhibitor resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from patients and rapid screening procedure for their detection.
PMID: 8913459
1996
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: In addition to the changes at positions 82 and 90, we have identified M46L/I, G48V, and I54V substitutions in isolates derived from indinavir-treated patients.
Abstract: Patient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates that are resistant to protease inhibitors may contain amino acid substitutions L10I/V, M46L/I, G-48V, L63P, V82A/F/T, I84V, and L90M in the protease gene.
Mutational anatomy of an HIV-1 protease variant conferring cross-resistance to protease inhibitors in clinical trials. Compensatory modulations of binding and activity.
PMID: 8943242
1996
The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: Site-specific substitutions of as few as four amino acids (M46I/L63P/V82T/I84V) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease engenders cross-resistance to a panel of protease inhibitors that are either in clinical trials or have recently been approved for HIV therapy (Condra, J.
Abstract: Two of these mutations (V82T/I84V) are located in, while the other two (M46I/L63P) are away from, the binding cleft of the enzyme.
Abstract: We have found that the double substitutions of M46I and L63P do not affect binding but instead endow the enzyme with a cata
Kinetic characterization and cross-resistance patterns of HIV-1 protease mutants selected under drug pressure.
Abstract: Eleven different recombinant, drug-resistant HIV-1 protease (HIV PR) mutants--R8Q, V32I, M46I, V82A, V82F, V82I, I84V, V32I/I84V, M46I/V82F, M46I/I84V, and V32I/K45I/F53L/A71V/I84V/L89M--were generated on the basis of results of in vitro selection experiments using the inh
In vitro selection and characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates with reduced sensitivity to hydroxyethylamino sulfonamide inhibitors of HIV-1 aspartyl protease.
Abstract: A triple protease mutant infectious clone carrying the mutations Met-46-->Ile, Ile-47-->Val, and Ile-50-->Val, however, showed much greater reduction in sensitivity (14- to 20-fold) to VB-11,328 and VX-478.
Abstract: The protease triply mutated at Met-46-->Ile, Ile-47-->Val, and Ile-50-->Val shows an even greater decrease in inhibitor binding (< or = 270-fold).
Three-dimensional structure of a mutant HIV-1 protease displaying cross-resistance to all protease inhibitors in clinical trials.
PMID: 7665551
1995
The Journal of biological chemistry
Abstract: Analysis of mutational effects in the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) provirus has revealed that as few as four amino acid side-chain substitutions in the HIV-1 protease (M46I/L63P/V82T/I84V) suffice to yield viral variants cross-resistant to a panel of protease inhibitors either in or being considered for clinical trials (Condra, J.
Abstract: The role of the M46I and L63P substitutions in drug resistance is not obvious from the crystallographic data, but they induce conformational perturbations (0.9-1.1 A) in the flap domain of the native enzyme and may affect the stability and/or activity of the enzyme unrelated directly to binding.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
1998
Advances in experimental medicine and biology
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