Result: Similarly, the M41L mutation, which causes excision-based AZT resistance in HIV is already present in XMRV and MoMLV RT (L81, Table 1).
Discussion: HIV-1 RTs containing the M41L, D67N, K70R, T215Y/F, K219E/Q mutations show enhanced removal of AZT.
Drug resistance mutations in HIV pol sequences from Argentinean patients under antiretroviral treatment: subtype, gender, and age issues.
PMID: 21936717
2012
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: The most common DRMs were L10I, I54V, L90M, V82A, A71V, L10V, M46I, M184V, M41L, T215Y, D67N, L210W, K70R, N348I, V118I, K103N, Y181C, G190A, K101E, V108I, L100I, V90I, K101Q, and PMID: 22138483
2012
Antiviral research
Abstract: E17A was associated with thymidine analog mutations (TAMs) in reverse transcriptase M41L, L210W and T215Y and with the use of didanosine in the patients' treatment histories.
HIV-1 subtype D infections among Caucasians from Northwestern Poland--phylogenetic and clinical analysis.
Abstract: Baseline drug resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was observed in 54.5% of cases (mutations: M41L, K103N, T215S/D) with evidence of clustering, no baseline integrase or protease resistance and infrequent non-R5 tropism (13.6%).
Table: M41L
Discussion: Additionally, the high frequency of primary drug resistance mutations (DRMs) observed in this study was associated to the observed clustering within the network of transmission and presence of M41L and T215 revertant mutations.
Zidovudine (AZT) monotherapy selects for the A360V mutation in the connection domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
Method: The A360V mutation was also introduced by site-directed mutagenesis (QuickChange II Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit; Agilent, La Jolla, CA) into the backbone of wildtype HIV-1 RT and into RTs that contained the D67N/K70R or M41L/L210W/T215Y (TAM-1) mutations in the p6HRT plasmid.
Table: M41L
Discussion: Our analyses reveal that the A360V mutation in the connection domain emerged with similar or higher frequency as TAMs M41L, D67N, L210W and K219E/Q.
Emergence of minor drug-resistant HIV-1 variants after triple antiretroviral prophylaxis for prevention of vertical HIV-1 transmission.
Result: We also checked population sequences for additional AZT/3TC/NVP-selected resistance mutations like M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F and K219QE for AZT, K65R for 3TC and L100I, K101P, V106A/M, V108I, Y188C/L/H and
Discussion: In fact, the K70R mutation is considered to be an early AZT mutation and indicates the emergence of AZT-resistance followed by M41L, T215Y/F and L210W.
Low prevalence of transmitted drug resistance in patients newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in Sweden 2003-2010.
Result: Eleven of the 18 patients in the M41L cluster were part of the present study and seven belonged to the 1992-2002 dataset.
Result: The M41L mutation represented almost half (16 of 34) of the NRTI-related singleton mutations and the K103N mutation represented two-thirds (10 of 15) of the NNRTI-related singleton mutations.
Result: The first patient in the M41L cluster was diagnosed in 1994.
Result: The largest TDR cluster (cluster 4) consisted of 18 MSM from Stockholm with viruses that had the M41L resistance mutation (Figure 1).
Result: This includes two patients diagnosed in 2010, which shows that the M41L variant has been circulating in Stockholm between 1994 and 2010.
HIV-1 phenotypic reverse transcriptase inhibitor drug resistance test interpretation is not dependent on the subtype of the virus backbone.
Transmitted drug resistance and phylogenetic relationships among acute and early HIV-1-infected individuals in New York City.
PMID: 22592583
2012
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
4Method: ARV resistance was defined by mutations at the following positions: M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N,
Result: Also, a cluster of three had transmitted M41L.
Result: Mutations M41L (3.7%), T215Y/F/S/D/C/E (4.0%), K103N/S (4.7%) and L90M were most prevalent.
Discussion: The distribution of mutations is very similar to that reported in the European surveillance study SPREAD, with a predominance of the thymidine analog mutations, M41L and T215R/F, and L90M in the protease coding region.
Prevalence of Drug Resistance and Associated Mutations in a Population of HIV-1(+) Puerto Ricans: 2006-2010.
Result: M41L was the second most common mutation for 2006 and the third most common mutation for 2007, 2008, and 2010 with prevalences of (157 of 707, 22.2%), (106 of 608, 17.4%), (79 of 706, 11.2%), and (11 of 139, 7.9%) for these years.
Discussion: M41L, the second most common mutation for 2006 and the third most common mutation for 2007, 2008, and 2010, is also a dominant NRTI-resistance mutation identified in the same studies.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2012
Nucleic acids research
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