Evolution and viral characteristics of a long-term circulating resistant HIV-1 strain in a cluster of treatment-naive patients.
PMID: 23467175
2013
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: We observed eight therapy-naive patients infected with HIV harbouring four mutations at nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance-related positions: M41L, T69S, L210E and T215S.
Transmission patterns of HIV-subtypes A/AE versus B: inferring risk-behavior trends and treatment-efficacy limitations from viral genotypic data obtained prior to and during antiretroviral therapy.
Result: The type I TAMs (M41L and L210W) were observed each in only 1 case.
Evaluation of WHO immunologic criteria for treatment failure: implications for detection of virologic failure, evolution of drug resistance and choice of second-line therapy in India.
PMID: 23735817
2013
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Method: Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations included in this analysis were as follows: M184V, M184I and M184V/I for lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC) resistance; K65R and K70E, associated with tenofovir (TDF) resistance; thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y, T215F, K219Q, and K219 E, associated with resistance to multiple NRTIs; and multinucleoside mutations, including the
Hypersusceptibility mechanism of Tenofovir-resistant HIV to EFdA.
Introduction: The excision reaction is facilitated by Excision Enhancement Mutations (EEMs), typically M41L, D67N, K70R, T215Y/F, L210W, and K219E/Q, which are also known as Thymidine Associated Mutations (TAMs) because they were historically linked to resistance to thymidine analogs AZT and d4T.
Efavirenz stimulates HIV-1 reverse transcriptase RNase H activity by a mechanism involving increased substrate binding and secondary cleavage activity.
Method: HIV-1 RT wild type (WT) protein (p66/p51 dimer, NL4-3), (specific activity = 5400 U/mg), patient RT isolate, K101E+G190S+M41L +T215Y, (D10) (specific activity = 7500 U/mg) were expressed and purified in our laboratory as previously described .
Result: The mutant D10 (K101E+G190S+M41L+T215Y) was isolated from a patient who had failed efavirenz treatment .
Prevalence of drug resistance mutations and HIV type 1 subtypes in an HIV type 1-infected cohort in rural Tanzania.
PMID: 23806135
2013
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: The prevalence of major DR-SNPs in 2005-2007 in the RT gene was determined: K103N (5.0%), Y181C (2.5%), M184V (2.5%), and G190A (1.7%), and M41L, K65KR, K70KR, and L74LV (0.8%).
Trends in Genotypic HIV-1 Antiretroviral Resistance between 2006 and 2012 in South African Patients Receiving First- and Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Regimens.
Method: Thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) were defined as M41L, D67NG, K70R, L210W, T215YF, and K219QE.
HIV-1 subtypes and primary antiretroviral resistance mutations in antiretroviral therapy naive HIV-1 infected individuals in Turkey.
PMID: 23883841
2013
Japanese journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: The patients had primary antiretroviral resistance mutations to nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NRTIs) (M41L, T215C, T215D, and K219Q), non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs; K103N), and protease inhibitors (PIs; I47V, G73S).
Persistence of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance mutations.
PMID: 23904291
2013
The Journal of infectious diseases
Result: NNRTI mutations appeared to be lost more quickly than most TAMs (M41L, D67N, L210W, and K219Q/N) and the 215 revertants (P < .001 for both comparisons).
Result: M41L was commonly observed and highly persistent (rate of loss 8 (95% CI, 4-15) per 100 PYFU), and a similar low rate of loss was seen for other TAMs (D67N, L210W, and K219Q/N); however, K70R appeared to be lost more quickly.
Discussion: Lesser heterogeneity was observed for NNRTI and PI mutations, and mutations from these classes were lost more rapidly than the T215 revertants and th
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2013
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Browser Board
Co-occurred Entities
Filtrator
ViMRT