Discussion: The Sanger results of isolates from treated patients were as expected with a predominance of M184V, numerous TAMs of pathway1 (M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F) and DRMs to NNRTIs (mainly K101E, K103N, V106M, Y181C, G190A).
Prevalence of HIV drug resistance mutation in the northern Indian population after failure of the first line antiretroviral therapy.
Abstract: NRTI and NNRTI DRMs were each seen in 115/128 (89.8%) patients, with M184V, M41L, D67N and T215Y being the most frequent among NRTI associated mutations, and K103N, G190A, Y181C and A98G among NNRTI associated ones.
Assessing subtypes and drug resistance mutations among HIV-1 infected children who failed antiretroviral therapy in Kelantan, Malaysia.
PMID: 22729198
2012
The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: The most prevalent RT mutations were T215F/V/Y (66.7%), D67G/N (55.6%), K219Q/E/R (44.4%), M184V/I (38.9%), K70R/E (27.8%) and M41L (27.8%), associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) resistance; and K103N (55.6%), G190A (33.3%), and K101P/E/H (27.8%) associated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) resistance.
Connection domain mutations during antiretroviral treatment failure in Mali: frequencies and impact on reverse transcriptase inhibitor activity.
PMID: 22828721
2012
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Method: Thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) were defined as M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, K219E/Q.
Analysis of the Zidovudine Resistance Mutations T215Y, M41L, and L210W in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase.
Conclusion: M41L/L210W/T215Y) with R284K in previously-treated patients faili
Conclusion: However, in the presence of the M41L/L210W/T215Y complex, R284K increases the catalytic rate of nucleotide incorporation and the RNase H activity of the RT, and these effects promote chain-terminated primer rescue on DNA/DNA template-primers, but not on RNA/DNA complexes.
Method: The plasmid p66RTB contains the nucleotide sequence encoding for the 66-kDa subunit of HIV-1BH10 RT, and p66RTB(LY) encodes a p66 derivative with thymidine analogue resistance mutations M41L and T215Y.
HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping from antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive and first-line treatment failures in Djiboutian patients.
Discussion: Accumulation of the other mutations observed included thymidine associated mutations (including M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, K219Q) results in increasing resistance to AZT, Tenofovir, D4T, Abacavir, and DDI .
Differential in vitro kinetics of drug resistance mutation acquisition in HIV-1 RT of subtypes B and C.
Introduction: Two distinct TAM resistance pathways can be observed: TAM-1 (M41L, T210W and T215Y) and TAM-2 (D67N, K70R, T215F and K219Q).
Low prevalence of transmitted genetic drug resistance in a cohort of HIV infected naive patients entering antiretroviral treatment programs at two sites in northern South Africa.
Result: The 9 mutations M41L, D67N, K70R, K103N, Y181C, M184V, T215Y, L283I and N348I resulted in resistance to NRTIs or NNRTIs, but the impact of 7 mutations at 6 positions (D123E, V292I, K366R, T369A, T369V, A371V and I375V) on antiviral drug response was unknown.
Virological failure rates and HIV-1 drug resistance patterns in patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in semirural and rural Gabon.
PMID: 23199801
2012
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Result: Other TAM-1 were M41L (n=2) and L210W (n=1).
Figure: M41L, L210W, and T215Y mutations are indicative of the TAM-1 pathway; D67N/G, K70R, T215F, and K219Q/E/R mutations are indicative of the TAM-2 pathway.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2012
PloS one
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